1 The Necessity of Building a Lighting Monitoring System With the development of urban construction, urban lighting construction is increasingly focusing on the image of the city. The requirements and quantity of road lighting and landscape lighting are increasing. In addition, the city lighting management department will manage the urban road lighting in addition to the future. It will also participate in the management of urban landscape lights. Therefore, governments at all levels and citizens have put forward higher requirements for urban construction, road lighting and landscape lighting. It is hoped that the modernization of urban lighting management will be achieved so that the level of urban management will reach the domestic leading level.
1.1 The current control method now adopts a control method mainly based on a decentralized time control method. That is, a timer is installed in a street light distribution box, and the lights are turned on/off by a predetermined time. Some landscape light switches are usually manual manual control methods.
1.2 The defects of current control methods The current methods can neither timely adjust the time of turning on/off lights, nor can they timely reflect the operation of lighting facilities, and have high failure rate and difficulty in maintenance. With the continuous development of the city, the control range is getting larger and larger, and the current control methods cannot timely reflect the operation of the lighting facilities, making the maintenance work very passive. Failures during the operation can only be discovered when the patrolling personnel arrive at the site, or passively wait for the public's telephone to respond, so it is difficult to perform timely maintenance.
In the face of some special tasks such as leadership inspections, guest reception, and large-scale events, due to the lack of flexible control measures, a large number of people must be temporarily dispatched to the scene to manually operate the lighting switch box or temporarily notify the landscape light units. In urgent circumstances, the requirements for successful completion of the task cannot be met.
In addition, due to the lack of flexible control measures, various types of landscape lamps that are costly to build can hardly bring into full play their proper performance.
2 Benefit analysis of urban lighting monitoring system
2.1 Social Benefit Analysis With the continuous development of social civilization, street lights are no longer confined to street lighting, but are developed as an important symbol of urban landscape and the image of the city. Therefore, the modern society of management and maintenance of street lights also raised higher and higher requirements, which include the light intensity changes in a timely manner in accordance with the on / off lights, open at any time to adjust on / off time landscape lights and emergency dispatch, to detect faults and repair immediately.
At present, the control methods adopted by various urban management departments have made it difficult to ensure the normal lighting and operation of urban lighting systems. In particular, when there is a problem with the lighting control box or the line, it may cause a large area to be extinguished and produce a bad one. influences. And because of the lack of real-time monitoring tools can not achieve timely detection of faults and repairs. As the government and citizens have increasingly higher demands for lighting management and maintenance, the scope of the lighting management department is also becoming larger and larger. In order to detect faults and repair them immediately, the method of using the patrol lights on street vehicles is still increasingly used. Incompetent.
With the use of the city lighting automation monitoring system, the citywide night lights, midnight lights and landscape lights can be turned on/off automatically. At the same time, since the lighting automation monitoring system has the function of automatic alarm, inspection and selection, the dispatcher can understand the location and status of the fault in seconds immediately after the fault occurs, providing a powerful guarantee for timely repair. The timely maintenance of street lights can greatly reduce the complaints to the lighting management department, reduce the occurrence of road traffic accidents, and is conducive to urban security, resulting in great social benefits, thus further enhancing the image of the city.
2.2 Economic Benefit Analysis
2.2.1 Saving Street Lamp Maintenance Costs The automatic monitoring system for street lamps will change the traditional “seeing faults on patrol lights†to “on duty alarmsâ€, which will not only reduce the loss of “touring lights†personnel and vehicles, but also reduce maintenance costs; The exact location and basic conditions of the fault have been known before, thereby shortening the maintenance time and improving the inspection efficiency; this will result in great economic benefits.
2.2.2 Saving a lot of electricity expenses The wireless lighting monitoring system can improve the reliability and checkability of the on/off light and avoid the occurrence of daytime lighting conditions. At the same time, the system adopts a combination of light control and time control in the control scheme. In the preset time zone, the illumination is determined on the basis of the illuminance. It can automatically extend the lighting time on rainy days, and can automatically shorten the lighting time on sunny days; these measures can meet the public's need for road lighting and avoid The unnecessary opening of the street lights reduces the turn-on time, thereby saving a lot of power.
According to the established lighting monitoring operation, after using the lighting monitoring system, the lamp turn-on time can be reduced by about 25 minutes per day. If you run for ten hours per day, you can save 4.2% of your electricity bill.
If improvements are made to the lighting circuit, the increase in street light control schemes for street lights or the use of landscape lights in non-Holiday holidays alone will save a lot of electricity bills.
2.2.3 Improving lamp life and lowering operating costs have reduced the turn-on time, prolonged lamp life, reduced operating costs, and further improved economic efficiency.
2.2.4 Automatic Billing Function, Reduce Electricity Expenses The wireless lighting monitoring system has the functions of remote automatic meter reading and metering. The daily, monthly, and annual lighting power can be automatically collected, calculated, stored, and printed in a timely manner. The use of electricity, the implementation of effective management, reduce expenditures and improve economic efficiency. The dual-billing function can also be used for landscape lights to realize the way that the government turns on the lights and the owners of the landscape buildings pay bills by themselves. This reduces the phenomenon of mutual interference between the government and the building owners and guarantees the interests of both parties.
2.3 Realize the management of the lighting system Modern city lighting monitoring system can automatically store the collected data, statistics, and can query and print at any time, providing the basic conditions for modern management.
3 The system design is based on this program. It is based on the lighting monitoring system completed by Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Co., Ltd. and the latest development of the current wireless monitoring technology. It is compiled based on the technical requirements of the lighting management system of each city's lighting management system.
4 Design Principles
4.1 Reliability As the system serves the general public, a slight error will have serious social consequences. At the same time, the monitoring equipment will be operated in the field for a long time and the working environment is extremely poor; therefore, the reliability of the system must be fully considered and the monitoring system must be able to be long-term. Stable operation; at the same time requiring the monitoring system to be able to operate stably in the event of failure of individual equipment, without affecting or less affecting the lighting system on and off.
4.2 Progressive and practical equipment must comply with relevant domestic and international standards. The entire system should be the most advanced in the country at present, and it should be at a relatively advanced level in China for a long time. At the same time, it should be based on the principle of practicability, and it must not blindly pursue advanced nature in isolation from practicality, thus creating spuriousness, wasting funds, and reducing reliability.
4.3 The equipment of the maintainability system is modularized, and each unit component has a fault location indication to facilitate the maintenance of the equipment.
4.4 Extensibility The hardware adopts a modular design, and the software adopts a configurable design so that the system does not have to change the state of the existing equipment when it is expanded or upgraded.
4.5 General-Purpose Hardware Devices are versatile and can implement different functions through different software parameter settings.
4.6 Economy As far as possible, mature and advanced technologies are used, and cost-effective solutions and equipment are selected. It is necessary to consider initial construction costs as well as reduce future maintenance costs.
5 System main technical indicators
5.1 System capacity: 1 master station, 10,000 monitoring points.
5.2 Group control and group control system terminals can be implemented. According to needs, the night lights, midnight lights, and various landscape lights can be divided into different functional groups to achieve group control and group control.
5.3 Communication methods According to the user's specific conditions and the development of communication technologies, this proposal proposes the use of GPRS communication methods.
5.4 Working environment temperature The operating temperature range of the lighting monitoring end satisfies -30°C to +65°C.
The main station is 0°C to +40°C.
5.5 Data Acquisition Accuracy In order to ensure the lighting rate statistics, AC current, voltage, active power, power factor acquisition accuracy is better than 1.0%.
6 Lighting Control Solutions
6.1 The group control system can divide the city street lights and landscape lights into several groups according to different types of lighting control requirements, adopting a time-controlled scheme or a combination of time-controlled and light-controlled control schemes, automatic remote control on/off all night lights, and midnight Lamps and landscape lights; manual remote/on/off operation of night lights, midnight lights, and landscape lights can also be performed manually; under special circumstances, lights can be turned on during the day.
6.2 Time Control and Light Control Combined Street Light Control At present, street light control schemes are sometimes controlled by two methods, light control method.
The main drawback of the time control method is that it does not consider the effect of the weather on the illumination, and it turns on/off the light at a fixed time every day; this results in a severe shortage of illuminance in the rainy days but no lights, or sufficient illumination in spite of the clear weather reaching the fixed on time. The waste of electricity is wasted; the time to turn off the lights is fixed and similar irrational phenomena occur. In addition, the timer needs to be manually adjusted frequently as the season changes. The main drawback of the light control method is that misoperation may occur during daytime when there is insufficient light, or when there is strong light at night.
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the two, the system uses a time-controlled and light-controlled street light control program. The scheme is based on the concept of fuzzy control, taking the local 365 days sunrise and sunset time as the basic conditions, setting an effective on/off light period, during which the corresponding on/off light commands are automatically executed according to the specific conditions of the light intensity; If the light control still does not work at the end of the time period, at the end of the time period, the monitoring terminal automatically turns on/off the light in the time control mode.
Both the light control period value and the illuminance value can be modified online. The software interface is shown in the figure on the right. This program can turn on/off the light in time according to the actual light level of the day, which can not only save a lot of electricity, but also produce better social benefits.
In special circumstances, the system can also be turned on during the day.
According to the established lighting monitoring operation, if the original sunrise and sunset time is used as the switch light time, then after using the time control and light control combined control scheme, the lamp turn-on time can be reduced by about 25 minutes per day. . If you calculate on average 10 hours a day, you can save about 4% on electricity costs.
6.3 Landscape Light Control Scheme Landscape lighting control adopts a grouping timing control scheme, that is, it can divide landscape lamps of different geographical locations and requirements into several groups, and adopt different timing control schemes for different groups.
With the advanced full configuration design, the on/off light time of the year and the fixed on/off time of the week can be arbitrarily set through the setting program of the central control room microcomputer. Through the group control method, the landscape lights can be grouped, different groups can adopt different control schemes, and the corresponding decoration lights can also be controlled point by point through selective control methods, which further enhances the flexibility of the system.
7 Lighting Monitoring Communication System
7.1 Selection of system communication scheme The correct choice of system communication scheme is a necessary prerequisite for the successful operation of a city lighting monitoring system. Currently, communication schemes that can be used in lighting monitoring systems mainly include GSM short messages in wireless private networks and mobile communication networks. USSD and GPRS communication methods. According to the requirements of the system communication program to select the wireless mobile public network GPRS communication.
The block diagram of the communication system is shown below.
7.2 System GPRS Communication Scheme Features
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is an abbreviation for General Packet Radio Service. It is a new bearer service developed on the basis of the existing GSM system. The purpose is to provide GSM users with data services in packet form. "High-speed transmission" and other advantages. Especially suitable for intermittent, sudden and frequent, small amounts of data transmission, but also for occasional large data transmission.
Compared with the original GSM dial-up circuit-switched data transmission method, the packet switching technology adopted by the GPRS network has the following advantages:
(1) Permanent online. That is, the user does not need to establish a call connection for each data access.
(2) High-speed transmission. The theoretical maximum data transmission rate can reach 171.2kbps, and the current transmission rate can generally reach 40kbps.
(3) traffic charges. Users only need to pay for the datagrams they receive and send, so their relative operating costs are lower.
(4) Quick login. Generally only 10 seconds to log on the Internet.
GPRS uses the same radio modulation standard, the same frequency band, the same burst structure, the same frequency hopping rule, and the same TDMA frame structure as GSM. The packet data channel is very similar to the current circuit-switched voice service channel. Therefore, the existing base station subsystem can provide full GPRS coverage from the very beginning. The following figure shows the block diagram of the communication system:
The front-end and back-end monitoring computers of the monitoring center access the Internet (a variety of methods such as DDN dedicated line and ADSL). The GPRS terminal establishes a connection with the monitoring center. The monitoring center and the GPRS terminal transmit the commands and data in real time through the GPRS network.
7.3 GPRS System Networking
The application of GPRS is very extensive, and almost all industries can use GPRS wireless data transmission. However, the actual needs and complex application environments of each industry are very different, so each industry will have its own unique functional requirements and networking methods. At present, the GPRS network has the following four possible networking schemes:
1) Scenario 1: The center uses the INTELNET public network such as ADSL to connect, using the public network fixed IP or public network dynamic IP+DNS resolution service.
This kind of scheme applies for broadband services such as ADSL to the first INTERNET operator.
1. Central public network fixed IP: The monitoring point initiates a connection directly to the center. The operation is reliable and stable, and such a scheme is recommended.
2. Dynamic public IP + DNS resolution service of the central public network: The client first contacts the DNS service provider to open a dynamic domain name. The monitoring point first uses the domain name addressing mode to connect to the DNS server, and then the DNS server finds the dynamic IP of the public network of the center and establishes a connection. This method can greatly save the cost of the public network fixed IP, but the stability is subject to the stability of the DNS server, so look for a reliable DNS service provider. This type of solution is suitable for small-scale applications that require low real-time performance.
2) Scenario 2: The center adopts primary and secondary GPRS-DTU, and adopts mobile intranet dynamic IP+mobile DNS resolution service.
In this scenario, the client first contacts the mobile DNS service provider to open a mobile dynamic domain name. The monitoring point first uses the domain name addressing method to connect to the mobile DNS server, and then the mobile DNS server finds the center mobile dynamic IP and establishes a connection. The center also uses the GPRS-DTU as the receiving end, but the center of the GPRS wireless mode is not as stable as the wired mode, so the main and auxiliary two GPRS-DTUs are used for redundancy backup. When the main GPRS-DTU receiver is dropped, all monitoring points are automatically transferred to the secondary GPRS-DTU receiver. This method can also greatly save the cost of fixed IP, but not all mobile companies provide DNS resolution services, so it is necessary to use this solution in provinces and cities that have DNS resolution services. This type of program is suitable for small-scale applications. This type of solution is not timely and stable. It is not recommended.
3) Solution 3: The center adopts the primary and secondary GPRS-DTU, and adopts the mobile APN private network fixed IP.
In this scenario, customers first apply for mobile private network services with APN. The mobile allocates a dedicated APN for the customer, and ordinary users may not apply for the APN. The SIM card used for the GPRS private network only opens this private APN, limiting the use of other APNs. After the APN is obtained, mobile internal fixed IP is assigned to all monitoring points and centers. This type of solution center also adopts two primary and secondary GPRS-DTUs as the receiving end like the scheme two, and is redundantly backed up. However, compared with scheme 2, this scheme requires no DNS resolution. It has a fixed IP on the mobile intranet, reduces intermediate links, and enhances stability; and all data is transmitted on the mobile GPRS APN intranet without going through the public network. Security Enhanced. This kind of program does not need to pay the monthly lease fee for the width line, and the price is reasonable. It is recommended to use it.
4) Scenario 4: The center adopts mobile intranet fixed IP address, monitoring point adopts ordinary mobile dynamic IP
The client of this type of scheme first contacts the mobile service provider, and can introduce a fiber-optic dedicated line from a mobile GSM base station nearby and open a mobile intranet fixed IP. The monitoring point first uses an ordinary SIM card and opens a GPRS function, and establishes a connection with the center through a mobile internal gateway. This method can also greatly save the cost of fixed IP, each monitoring point does not need to set a fixed IP. This kind of scheme has good real-time performance. Because the monitoring point uses dynamic IP, the stability is slightly worse. It is recommended to use it.
5) Scenario 5: The center uses APN leased line, all points are fixed IP
This kind of solution customer center accesses the mobile company GPRS network through a 2M APN leased line. The interconnected routers use a private fixed IP address for wide-area connection, and a GRE tunnel is used between the GGSN and the mobile company interconnect router. Dedicated APNs are allocated to customers and ordinary users are not allowed to apply for the APNs. The SIM card used for the GPRS private network only opens this private APN, limiting the use of other APNs. After the APN is obtained, mobile internal fixed IP is assigned to all monitoring points and centers. End-to-end encryption is used between the mobile terminal and the server platform to avoid possible leakage of information during the entire transmission process. Both parties use a firewall to isolate and perform IP address and port filtering on the firewall.
For the lighting monitoring system, since the system consists of many monitoring points and high real-time requirements, it is recommended to use the fifth communication networking mode. For this reason, the server of the lighting monitoring center will need a dedicated line to access the mobile company's GPRS network. All monitoring terminals will use specific IP addresses to ensure reliable, secure, and timely transmission of monitoring information.
8 System Control Center (Scheduling) Design
8.1 Dispatcher System Block Diagram (see next page)
The dispatching end of the lighting monitoring system adopts the networking mode of the front and back machines, and the industrial control computer suitable for continuous work with the watchdog is selected. Under normal circumstances, the front desk machine as a monitoring workstation to undertake telemetry, monitoring, scheduling and other work; the background machine automatically backs up the foreground data, the current Taiwan machine failure, you can switch at any time to replace the front desk work; thus greatly improved System reliability. At the same time, taking into account the development of computer network technology, the system has a network interface, access servers, management workstations, etc. The system can be easily established as a street lamp management office LAN, through the network to achieve lighting monitoring data and image information sharing.
Computers outside the system can all access the latest and historical data of various types through dial-up Internet access. At the same time, the system can also inquire the current latest situation through telephone voice, or specify the corresponding telephone number and alarm mode to realize the telephone voice alarm. The networked design of the entire system has laid a good foundation for the future implementation of production management and office automation. At the same time, sufficient software and hardware expansion interfaces have been reserved so that the existing monitoring system can develop with the rapid development of network technology. The bigger the effect.
9 Lighting monitoring terminal
9.1 Basic performance of the lighting monitoring terminal The lighting monitoring terminal (RTU) uses the STC-205 series of lighting monitoring terminals produced by Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Co., Ltd. The terminal selects industrial-grade chips to allow continuous operation at ambient temperatures of -40°C to +80°C. It uses multi-CPU and DSP to work cooperatively. The key chip adopts the latest surface-mount chip from the United States through digital signal processing (DSP). )Technology, realize AC sampling scheme, accuracy of AC current and voltage acquisition is better than 0.5%; ISO-9001 quality control is applied in the whole process of equipment design and production; wave soldering technology is adopted in PCB soldering to eliminate the missed and false welding of artificial welding. Each machine has 100 hours of high-temperature power aging to eliminate the early failure, effectively ensuring the quality of the equipment out of the box, the site out of the box rate of 100%, the average time between failure to reach 100,000 hours. The appearance of the monitoring terminal is shown in the figure.
The collection and control of lighting remote intelligent monitoring terminal includes:
Telemetry: 1-way three-phase voltage, 12-channel current and active power and power factor, 2-way direct current (test light, etc.)
Remote control: 6 relay outputs, contact is AC 220V 12A, a group of normally open and normally closed contacts Remote communication: 8 channels of isolation switch input communication: 2 channels of isolation 232 or 485 interface, MODBUS protocol spotlights and other various bottoms Light type.
With remote meter reading interface.
With remote automatic pressure regulator interface.
Single lamp monitoring interface.
With anti-theft line module interface.
9.2 Main functions of the lighting monitoring terminal
9.2.1 Automatic alarm When the collected AC current and voltage exceed the upper and lower limit, it will alarm automatically.
When the lights are on during the day or when the lights are off at night, they can be automatically alarmed.
When the power supply is cut off, it can be automatically alarmed by running on its own power supply.
9.2.2 Independent Operation When a fault occurs in the PC or communication line of the central control room, the terminal will automatically turn on/off the lamp according to a preset program timing to ensure the normal operation of the street lighting circuit.
9.2.3 Monitoring terminal power-off operation The monitoring terminal is equipped with an uninterrupted power supply and has a power-off operation function. It can provide timely warning when the power supply line is cut off, enabling the relevant departments to learn and repair it at the first time, and it also has anti-theft alarm function. In the basic configuration, the terminal can maintain normal operation for 4 hours after a power outage. The uninterruptible power supply prevents overcharging/discharging and ensures long-term use.
9.2.4 On-site automatic setting function Through the hand-held keyboard and display, it can be displayed on site in Chinese, which is convenient for on-site installation, debugging, maintenance, and maintenance, and can control the night lights, midnight lights, landscape lights, etc. The content is as follows:
Time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)<, /P>
The current and voltage values ​​of the AC and voltage values ​​collected during the last time period of turning the lights on and off. The digital status of the inputs and outputs of the switch status. In the self-test state, various operating parameters of the machine can be displayed or modified.
9.2.5 Anti-jamming capability Because the monitoring terminals are generally installed in a large interference environment, in order to ensure the reliable operation of the system, the following kinds of anti-jamming measures have been adopted in the hardware and software design of the terminal.
For the analog and digital signals collected at the site, isolation and amplitude limiting anti-jamming measures are used on the hardware. Data filtering is used in software to ensure the accuracy of the data.
The use of software to continuously set the output of the switch output method to ensure the reliability of the output.
Operating errors caused by strong interference signals are handled by hardware and software self-healing circuits. Guarantees reliable operation when unattended.
Multiple anti-electrical impulse impact and lightning protection measures have been applied to the collected high-voltage AC signals, and excellent results have been obtained in practical applications.
9.2.6 High-reliability transmitter circuit selects AC voltage and current for secondary mutual inductance. It has the advantages of complete isolation of input and output, high precision and low power consumption. It also provides multiple protection measures at the input end, which greatly improves the reliability of the sensor. Accuracy.
9.2.7 Universal design All terminal operating parameters can be set and modified online via the terminal or a software package in the central control computer. The operating parameters include: station number, communication parameters, field physical parameters, analog calculation methods, acquisition methods, vector settings, and combined alarms. Users can configure the working parameters of each terminal at any time based on site conditions (such as night lights, midnight lights, landscape lights, etc.) to ensure the versatility of the monitoring terminal equipment and ensure that the system has great flexibility.
9.2.8 The anti-theft alarm function adds a door switch at the lighting control box door, but an outsider can automatically alarm to the main station when opening the plus box door to ensure the safety of lighting facilities.
9.3 Lighting Monitor Terminal Expansion Function
9.3.1 Remote meter reading function The terminal device has an RS-485 meter reading interface and can automatically read the data of the electronic meter. Remote meter reading system.
9.3.2 Remote Automatic Voltage Regulator Interface (Optional)
The lighting monitoring terminal equipment has an interface for controlling the voltage regulating equipment. If equipped with the Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Power Saver, the remote control and voltage regulation of the energy saver can be realized through this interface.
9.3.3 The anti-theft lighting circuit alarm control interface terminal provides interface with the anti-theft lighting circuit alarm module. As long as the system is equipped with the Beijing Jiafuxin technology research and development of the lighting line anti-theft alarm module (see section 14), the lighting can be collected at any time. In the case of lines, it is possible to immediately report an alarm when it is found that there is a theft of the line to ensure the safety of lighting lines and facilities.
9.4 Lighting distribution control box The lighting distribution control box can be designed in two ways: first, the original distribution box can be rebuilt, a number of transformers, automatic/manual switches, etc. can be added; second, according to the requirements Redesign lighting distribution box.
The above two options will be based on the specific circumstances of the scene.
1.1 The current control method now adopts a control method mainly based on a decentralized time control method. That is, a timer is installed in a street light distribution box, and the lights are turned on/off by a predetermined time. Some landscape light switches are usually manual manual control methods.
1.2 The defects of current control methods The current methods can neither timely adjust the time of turning on/off lights, nor can they timely reflect the operation of lighting facilities, and have high failure rate and difficulty in maintenance. With the continuous development of the city, the control range is getting larger and larger, and the current control methods cannot timely reflect the operation of the lighting facilities, making the maintenance work very passive. Failures during the operation can only be discovered when the patrolling personnel arrive at the site, or passively wait for the public's telephone to respond, so it is difficult to perform timely maintenance.
In the face of some special tasks such as leadership inspections, guest reception, and large-scale events, due to the lack of flexible control measures, a large number of people must be temporarily dispatched to the scene to manually operate the lighting switch box or temporarily notify the landscape light units. In urgent circumstances, the requirements for successful completion of the task cannot be met.
In addition, due to the lack of flexible control measures, various types of landscape lamps that are costly to build can hardly bring into full play their proper performance.
2 Benefit analysis of urban lighting monitoring system
2.1 Social Benefit Analysis With the continuous development of social civilization, street lights are no longer confined to street lighting, but are developed as an important symbol of urban landscape and the image of the city. Therefore, the modern society of management and maintenance of street lights also raised higher and higher requirements, which include the light intensity changes in a timely manner in accordance with the on / off lights, open at any time to adjust on / off time landscape lights and emergency dispatch, to detect faults and repair immediately.
At present, the control methods adopted by various urban management departments have made it difficult to ensure the normal lighting and operation of urban lighting systems. In particular, when there is a problem with the lighting control box or the line, it may cause a large area to be extinguished and produce a bad one. influences. And because of the lack of real-time monitoring tools can not achieve timely detection of faults and repairs. As the government and citizens have increasingly higher demands for lighting management and maintenance, the scope of the lighting management department is also becoming larger and larger. In order to detect faults and repair them immediately, the method of using the patrol lights on street vehicles is still increasingly used. Incompetent.
With the use of the city lighting automation monitoring system, the citywide night lights, midnight lights and landscape lights can be turned on/off automatically. At the same time, since the lighting automation monitoring system has the function of automatic alarm, inspection and selection, the dispatcher can understand the location and status of the fault in seconds immediately after the fault occurs, providing a powerful guarantee for timely repair. The timely maintenance of street lights can greatly reduce the complaints to the lighting management department, reduce the occurrence of road traffic accidents, and is conducive to urban security, resulting in great social benefits, thus further enhancing the image of the city.
2.2 Economic Benefit Analysis
2.2.1 Saving Street Lamp Maintenance Costs The automatic monitoring system for street lamps will change the traditional “seeing faults on patrol lights†to “on duty alarmsâ€, which will not only reduce the loss of “touring lights†personnel and vehicles, but also reduce maintenance costs; The exact location and basic conditions of the fault have been known before, thereby shortening the maintenance time and improving the inspection efficiency; this will result in great economic benefits.
2.2.2 Saving a lot of electricity expenses The wireless lighting monitoring system can improve the reliability and checkability of the on/off light and avoid the occurrence of daytime lighting conditions. At the same time, the system adopts a combination of light control and time control in the control scheme. In the preset time zone, the illumination is determined on the basis of the illuminance. It can automatically extend the lighting time on rainy days, and can automatically shorten the lighting time on sunny days; these measures can meet the public's need for road lighting and avoid The unnecessary opening of the street lights reduces the turn-on time, thereby saving a lot of power.
According to the established lighting monitoring operation, after using the lighting monitoring system, the lamp turn-on time can be reduced by about 25 minutes per day. If you run for ten hours per day, you can save 4.2% of your electricity bill.
If improvements are made to the lighting circuit, the increase in street light control schemes for street lights or the use of landscape lights in non-Holiday holidays alone will save a lot of electricity bills.
2.2.3 Improving lamp life and lowering operating costs have reduced the turn-on time, prolonged lamp life, reduced operating costs, and further improved economic efficiency.
2.2.4 Automatic Billing Function, Reduce Electricity Expenses The wireless lighting monitoring system has the functions of remote automatic meter reading and metering. The daily, monthly, and annual lighting power can be automatically collected, calculated, stored, and printed in a timely manner. The use of electricity, the implementation of effective management, reduce expenditures and improve economic efficiency. The dual-billing function can also be used for landscape lights to realize the way that the government turns on the lights and the owners of the landscape buildings pay bills by themselves. This reduces the phenomenon of mutual interference between the government and the building owners and guarantees the interests of both parties.
2.3 Realize the management of the lighting system Modern city lighting monitoring system can automatically store the collected data, statistics, and can query and print at any time, providing the basic conditions for modern management.
3 The system design is based on this program. It is based on the lighting monitoring system completed by Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Co., Ltd. and the latest development of the current wireless monitoring technology. It is compiled based on the technical requirements of the lighting management system of each city's lighting management system.
4 Design Principles
4.1 Reliability As the system serves the general public, a slight error will have serious social consequences. At the same time, the monitoring equipment will be operated in the field for a long time and the working environment is extremely poor; therefore, the reliability of the system must be fully considered and the monitoring system must be able to be long-term. Stable operation; at the same time requiring the monitoring system to be able to operate stably in the event of failure of individual equipment, without affecting or less affecting the lighting system on and off.
4.2 Progressive and practical equipment must comply with relevant domestic and international standards. The entire system should be the most advanced in the country at present, and it should be at a relatively advanced level in China for a long time. At the same time, it should be based on the principle of practicability, and it must not blindly pursue advanced nature in isolation from practicality, thus creating spuriousness, wasting funds, and reducing reliability.
4.3 The equipment of the maintainability system is modularized, and each unit component has a fault location indication to facilitate the maintenance of the equipment.
4.4 Extensibility The hardware adopts a modular design, and the software adopts a configurable design so that the system does not have to change the state of the existing equipment when it is expanded or upgraded.
4.5 General-Purpose Hardware Devices are versatile and can implement different functions through different software parameter settings.
4.6 Economy As far as possible, mature and advanced technologies are used, and cost-effective solutions and equipment are selected. It is necessary to consider initial construction costs as well as reduce future maintenance costs.
5 System main technical indicators
5.1 System capacity: 1 master station, 10,000 monitoring points.
5.2 Group control and group control system terminals can be implemented. According to needs, the night lights, midnight lights, and various landscape lights can be divided into different functional groups to achieve group control and group control.
5.3 Communication methods According to the user's specific conditions and the development of communication technologies, this proposal proposes the use of GPRS communication methods.
5.4 Working environment temperature The operating temperature range of the lighting monitoring end satisfies -30°C to +65°C.
The main station is 0°C to +40°C.
5.5 Data Acquisition Accuracy In order to ensure the lighting rate statistics, AC current, voltage, active power, power factor acquisition accuracy is better than 1.0%.
6 Lighting Control Solutions
6.1 The group control system can divide the city street lights and landscape lights into several groups according to different types of lighting control requirements, adopting a time-controlled scheme or a combination of time-controlled and light-controlled control schemes, automatic remote control on/off all night lights, and midnight Lamps and landscape lights; manual remote/on/off operation of night lights, midnight lights, and landscape lights can also be performed manually; under special circumstances, lights can be turned on during the day.
6.2 Time Control and Light Control Combined Street Light Control At present, street light control schemes are sometimes controlled by two methods, light control method.
The main drawback of the time control method is that it does not consider the effect of the weather on the illumination, and it turns on/off the light at a fixed time every day; this results in a severe shortage of illuminance in the rainy days but no lights, or sufficient illumination in spite of the clear weather reaching the fixed on time. The waste of electricity is wasted; the time to turn off the lights is fixed and similar irrational phenomena occur. In addition, the timer needs to be manually adjusted frequently as the season changes. The main drawback of the light control method is that misoperation may occur during daytime when there is insufficient light, or when there is strong light at night.
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the two, the system uses a time-controlled and light-controlled street light control program. The scheme is based on the concept of fuzzy control, taking the local 365 days sunrise and sunset time as the basic conditions, setting an effective on/off light period, during which the corresponding on/off light commands are automatically executed according to the specific conditions of the light intensity; If the light control still does not work at the end of the time period, at the end of the time period, the monitoring terminal automatically turns on/off the light in the time control mode.
Both the light control period value and the illuminance value can be modified online. The software interface is shown in the figure on the right. This program can turn on/off the light in time according to the actual light level of the day, which can not only save a lot of electricity, but also produce better social benefits.
In special circumstances, the system can also be turned on during the day.
According to the established lighting monitoring operation, if the original sunrise and sunset time is used as the switch light time, then after using the time control and light control combined control scheme, the lamp turn-on time can be reduced by about 25 minutes per day. . If you calculate on average 10 hours a day, you can save about 4% on electricity costs.
6.3 Landscape Light Control Scheme Landscape lighting control adopts a grouping timing control scheme, that is, it can divide landscape lamps of different geographical locations and requirements into several groups, and adopt different timing control schemes for different groups.
With the advanced full configuration design, the on/off light time of the year and the fixed on/off time of the week can be arbitrarily set through the setting program of the central control room microcomputer. Through the group control method, the landscape lights can be grouped, different groups can adopt different control schemes, and the corresponding decoration lights can also be controlled point by point through selective control methods, which further enhances the flexibility of the system.
7 Lighting Monitoring Communication System
7.1 Selection of system communication scheme The correct choice of system communication scheme is a necessary prerequisite for the successful operation of a city lighting monitoring system. Currently, communication schemes that can be used in lighting monitoring systems mainly include GSM short messages in wireless private networks and mobile communication networks. USSD and GPRS communication methods. According to the requirements of the system communication program to select the wireless mobile public network GPRS communication.
The block diagram of the communication system is shown below.
7.2 System GPRS Communication Scheme Features
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is an abbreviation for General Packet Radio Service. It is a new bearer service developed on the basis of the existing GSM system. The purpose is to provide GSM users with data services in packet form. "High-speed transmission" and other advantages. Especially suitable for intermittent, sudden and frequent, small amounts of data transmission, but also for occasional large data transmission.
Compared with the original GSM dial-up circuit-switched data transmission method, the packet switching technology adopted by the GPRS network has the following advantages:
(1) Permanent online. That is, the user does not need to establish a call connection for each data access.
(2) High-speed transmission. The theoretical maximum data transmission rate can reach 171.2kbps, and the current transmission rate can generally reach 40kbps.
(3) traffic charges. Users only need to pay for the datagrams they receive and send, so their relative operating costs are lower.
(4) Quick login. Generally only 10 seconds to log on the Internet.
GPRS uses the same radio modulation standard, the same frequency band, the same burst structure, the same frequency hopping rule, and the same TDMA frame structure as GSM. The packet data channel is very similar to the current circuit-switched voice service channel. Therefore, the existing base station subsystem can provide full GPRS coverage from the very beginning. The following figure shows the block diagram of the communication system:
The front-end and back-end monitoring computers of the monitoring center access the Internet (a variety of methods such as DDN dedicated line and ADSL). The GPRS terminal establishes a connection with the monitoring center. The monitoring center and the GPRS terminal transmit the commands and data in real time through the GPRS network.
7.3 GPRS System Networking
The application of GPRS is very extensive, and almost all industries can use GPRS wireless data transmission. However, the actual needs and complex application environments of each industry are very different, so each industry will have its own unique functional requirements and networking methods. At present, the GPRS network has the following four possible networking schemes:
1) Scenario 1: The center uses the INTELNET public network such as ADSL to connect, using the public network fixed IP or public network dynamic IP+DNS resolution service.
This kind of scheme applies for broadband services such as ADSL to the first INTERNET operator.
1. Central public network fixed IP: The monitoring point initiates a connection directly to the center. The operation is reliable and stable, and such a scheme is recommended.
2. Dynamic public IP + DNS resolution service of the central public network: The client first contacts the DNS service provider to open a dynamic domain name. The monitoring point first uses the domain name addressing mode to connect to the DNS server, and then the DNS server finds the dynamic IP of the public network of the center and establishes a connection. This method can greatly save the cost of the public network fixed IP, but the stability is subject to the stability of the DNS server, so look for a reliable DNS service provider. This type of solution is suitable for small-scale applications that require low real-time performance.
2) Scenario 2: The center adopts primary and secondary GPRS-DTU, and adopts mobile intranet dynamic IP+mobile DNS resolution service.
In this scenario, the client first contacts the mobile DNS service provider to open a mobile dynamic domain name. The monitoring point first uses the domain name addressing method to connect to the mobile DNS server, and then the mobile DNS server finds the center mobile dynamic IP and establishes a connection. The center also uses the GPRS-DTU as the receiving end, but the center of the GPRS wireless mode is not as stable as the wired mode, so the main and auxiliary two GPRS-DTUs are used for redundancy backup. When the main GPRS-DTU receiver is dropped, all monitoring points are automatically transferred to the secondary GPRS-DTU receiver. This method can also greatly save the cost of fixed IP, but not all mobile companies provide DNS resolution services, so it is necessary to use this solution in provinces and cities that have DNS resolution services. This type of program is suitable for small-scale applications. This type of solution is not timely and stable. It is not recommended.
3) Solution 3: The center adopts the primary and secondary GPRS-DTU, and adopts the mobile APN private network fixed IP.
In this scenario, customers first apply for mobile private network services with APN. The mobile allocates a dedicated APN for the customer, and ordinary users may not apply for the APN. The SIM card used for the GPRS private network only opens this private APN, limiting the use of other APNs. After the APN is obtained, mobile internal fixed IP is assigned to all monitoring points and centers. This type of solution center also adopts two primary and secondary GPRS-DTUs as the receiving end like the scheme two, and is redundantly backed up. However, compared with scheme 2, this scheme requires no DNS resolution. It has a fixed IP on the mobile intranet, reduces intermediate links, and enhances stability; and all data is transmitted on the mobile GPRS APN intranet without going through the public network. Security Enhanced. This kind of program does not need to pay the monthly lease fee for the width line, and the price is reasonable. It is recommended to use it.
4) Scenario 4: The center adopts mobile intranet fixed IP address, monitoring point adopts ordinary mobile dynamic IP
The client of this type of scheme first contacts the mobile service provider, and can introduce a fiber-optic dedicated line from a mobile GSM base station nearby and open a mobile intranet fixed IP. The monitoring point first uses an ordinary SIM card and opens a GPRS function, and establishes a connection with the center through a mobile internal gateway. This method can also greatly save the cost of fixed IP, each monitoring point does not need to set a fixed IP. This kind of scheme has good real-time performance. Because the monitoring point uses dynamic IP, the stability is slightly worse. It is recommended to use it.
5) Scenario 5: The center uses APN leased line, all points are fixed IP
This kind of solution customer center accesses the mobile company GPRS network through a 2M APN leased line. The interconnected routers use a private fixed IP address for wide-area connection, and a GRE tunnel is used between the GGSN and the mobile company interconnect router. Dedicated APNs are allocated to customers and ordinary users are not allowed to apply for the APNs. The SIM card used for the GPRS private network only opens this private APN, limiting the use of other APNs. After the APN is obtained, mobile internal fixed IP is assigned to all monitoring points and centers. End-to-end encryption is used between the mobile terminal and the server platform to avoid possible leakage of information during the entire transmission process. Both parties use a firewall to isolate and perform IP address and port filtering on the firewall.
For the lighting monitoring system, since the system consists of many monitoring points and high real-time requirements, it is recommended to use the fifth communication networking mode. For this reason, the server of the lighting monitoring center will need a dedicated line to access the mobile company's GPRS network. All monitoring terminals will use specific IP addresses to ensure reliable, secure, and timely transmission of monitoring information.
8 System Control Center (Scheduling) Design
8.1 Dispatcher System Block Diagram (see next page)
The dispatching end of the lighting monitoring system adopts the networking mode of the front and back machines, and the industrial control computer suitable for continuous work with the watchdog is selected. Under normal circumstances, the front desk machine as a monitoring workstation to undertake telemetry, monitoring, scheduling and other work; the background machine automatically backs up the foreground data, the current Taiwan machine failure, you can switch at any time to replace the front desk work; thus greatly improved System reliability. At the same time, taking into account the development of computer network technology, the system has a network interface, access servers, management workstations, etc. The system can be easily established as a street lamp management office LAN, through the network to achieve lighting monitoring data and image information sharing.
Computers outside the system can all access the latest and historical data of various types through dial-up Internet access. At the same time, the system can also inquire the current latest situation through telephone voice, or specify the corresponding telephone number and alarm mode to realize the telephone voice alarm. The networked design of the entire system has laid a good foundation for the future implementation of production management and office automation. At the same time, sufficient software and hardware expansion interfaces have been reserved so that the existing monitoring system can develop with the rapid development of network technology. The bigger the effect.
9 Lighting monitoring terminal
9.1 Basic performance of the lighting monitoring terminal The lighting monitoring terminal (RTU) uses the STC-205 series of lighting monitoring terminals produced by Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Co., Ltd. The terminal selects industrial-grade chips to allow continuous operation at ambient temperatures of -40°C to +80°C. It uses multi-CPU and DSP to work cooperatively. The key chip adopts the latest surface-mount chip from the United States through digital signal processing (DSP). )Technology, realize AC sampling scheme, accuracy of AC current and voltage acquisition is better than 0.5%; ISO-9001 quality control is applied in the whole process of equipment design and production; wave soldering technology is adopted in PCB soldering to eliminate the missed and false welding of artificial welding. Each machine has 100 hours of high-temperature power aging to eliminate the early failure, effectively ensuring the quality of the equipment out of the box, the site out of the box rate of 100%, the average time between failure to reach 100,000 hours. The appearance of the monitoring terminal is shown in the figure.
The collection and control of lighting remote intelligent monitoring terminal includes:
Telemetry: 1-way three-phase voltage, 12-channel current and active power and power factor, 2-way direct current (test light, etc.)
Remote control: 6 relay outputs, contact is AC 220V 12A, a group of normally open and normally closed contacts Remote communication: 8 channels of isolation switch input communication: 2 channels of isolation 232 or 485 interface, MODBUS protocol spotlights and other various bottoms Light type.
With remote meter reading interface.
With remote automatic pressure regulator interface.
Single lamp monitoring interface.
With anti-theft line module interface.
9.2 Main functions of the lighting monitoring terminal
9.2.1 Automatic alarm When the collected AC current and voltage exceed the upper and lower limit, it will alarm automatically.
When the lights are on during the day or when the lights are off at night, they can be automatically alarmed.
When the power supply is cut off, it can be automatically alarmed by running on its own power supply.
9.2.2 Independent Operation When a fault occurs in the PC or communication line of the central control room, the terminal will automatically turn on/off the lamp according to a preset program timing to ensure the normal operation of the street lighting circuit.
9.2.3 Monitoring terminal power-off operation The monitoring terminal is equipped with an uninterrupted power supply and has a power-off operation function. It can provide timely warning when the power supply line is cut off, enabling the relevant departments to learn and repair it at the first time, and it also has anti-theft alarm function. In the basic configuration, the terminal can maintain normal operation for 4 hours after a power outage. The uninterruptible power supply prevents overcharging/discharging and ensures long-term use.
9.2.4 On-site automatic setting function Through the hand-held keyboard and display, it can be displayed on site in Chinese, which is convenient for on-site installation, debugging, maintenance, and maintenance, and can control the night lights, midnight lights, landscape lights, etc. The content is as follows:
Time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)<, /P>
The current and voltage values ​​of the AC and voltage values ​​collected during the last time period of turning the lights on and off. The digital status of the inputs and outputs of the switch status. In the self-test state, various operating parameters of the machine can be displayed or modified.
9.2.5 Anti-jamming capability Because the monitoring terminals are generally installed in a large interference environment, in order to ensure the reliable operation of the system, the following kinds of anti-jamming measures have been adopted in the hardware and software design of the terminal.
For the analog and digital signals collected at the site, isolation and amplitude limiting anti-jamming measures are used on the hardware. Data filtering is used in software to ensure the accuracy of the data.
The use of software to continuously set the output of the switch output method to ensure the reliability of the output.
Operating errors caused by strong interference signals are handled by hardware and software self-healing circuits. Guarantees reliable operation when unattended.
Multiple anti-electrical impulse impact and lightning protection measures have been applied to the collected high-voltage AC signals, and excellent results have been obtained in practical applications.
9.2.6 High-reliability transmitter circuit selects AC voltage and current for secondary mutual inductance. It has the advantages of complete isolation of input and output, high precision and low power consumption. It also provides multiple protection measures at the input end, which greatly improves the reliability of the sensor. Accuracy.
9.2.7 Universal design All terminal operating parameters can be set and modified online via the terminal or a software package in the central control computer. The operating parameters include: station number, communication parameters, field physical parameters, analog calculation methods, acquisition methods, vector settings, and combined alarms. Users can configure the working parameters of each terminal at any time based on site conditions (such as night lights, midnight lights, landscape lights, etc.) to ensure the versatility of the monitoring terminal equipment and ensure that the system has great flexibility.
9.2.8 The anti-theft alarm function adds a door switch at the lighting control box door, but an outsider can automatically alarm to the main station when opening the plus box door to ensure the safety of lighting facilities.
9.3 Lighting Monitor Terminal Expansion Function
9.3.1 Remote meter reading function The terminal device has an RS-485 meter reading interface and can automatically read the data of the electronic meter. Remote meter reading system.
9.3.2 Remote Automatic Voltage Regulator Interface (Optional)
The lighting monitoring terminal equipment has an interface for controlling the voltage regulating equipment. If equipped with the Beijing Jiafuxin Technology Power Saver, the remote control and voltage regulation of the energy saver can be realized through this interface.
9.3.3 The anti-theft lighting circuit alarm control interface terminal provides interface with the anti-theft lighting circuit alarm module. As long as the system is equipped with the Beijing Jiafuxin technology research and development of the lighting line anti-theft alarm module (see section 14), the lighting can be collected at any time. In the case of lines, it is possible to immediately report an alarm when it is found that there is a theft of the line to ensure the safety of lighting lines and facilities.
9.4 Lighting distribution control box The lighting distribution control box can be designed in two ways: first, the original distribution box can be rebuilt, a number of transformers, automatic/manual switches, etc. can be added; second, according to the requirements Redesign lighting distribution box.
The above two options will be based on the specific circumstances of the scene.