An LED is a semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light energy. Compared with traditional light sources, LED light sources have many advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, safety, firmness, small size, long life, short response time and rich colors. The LED industry has a long industry chain, including upstream epitaxial wafer growth, midstream chip fabrication, downstream chip packaging and applications. From 2006 to 2014, the overall market size of China's LED industry increased from 35.6 billion yuan to 350.7 billion yuan, with an average annual compound growth rate of 33%. It is estimated that the annual compound growth rate of the LED market will remain above 30% from 2015 to 2017. By 2017, the LED market in China will reach 748.5 billion yuan, and the market potential is huge.
First, the LED industry introduction
1.1 The basic concept of LED and the principle of illumination
An LED is a semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light energy. The core part is a chip composed of a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor. There is a PN junction between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor. When the injected minority carriers are combined with the majority carriers, the excess energy is added. It is released in the form of light, which converts electrical energy into light energy. Different materials of the chip can emit red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and other different colors of light, "light-emitting diodes" are also named.
1.2 Advantages of LED light source
Compared with traditional light sources, LED light sources have many advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, safety, firmness, small size, long life, short response time and rich colors. The specific conditions are as follows:
1.3 LED light source will become the main development direction of future electric light source
LED light source has many advantages compared with traditional light sources, and is recognized as the most promising electric light source in the 21st century, which has been rapidly developed in the world.
From the perspective of national policies, Europe, Australia, Japan, the United States and other countries have started the incandescent lamp elimination plan to support the development of the LED industry. China has launched green lighting and semiconductor lighting projects in the LED industry policy, encouraging the application of LED light sources in various fields. In November 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission officially released the “China Roadmap for Phased Elimination of Incandescent Lampsâ€, and plans to completely ban the import and sale of incandescent lamps by 2016.
Under the support of the advantages of LED light source and national policies, LED light source will become the main development direction of future electric light source.
1.4 LED industry chain situation
The LED industry has a long industrial chain, including upstream epitaxial wafer growth, midstream chip fabrication, downstream chip packaging and application fields. The technical characteristics and capital characteristics of each field vary greatly. The specific industry chain is shown in the following figure:
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