Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China as a 'light capital', exports of lamps and lanterns that have been tested and exported account for one-fifth of the country's export inspection lighting products. In recent years, Zhongshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau has vigorously carried out special rectification actions for export lighting quality and safety in its jurisdiction, effectively increasing The quality of the exported luminaire products was analyzed. At the same time, we also analyzed some of the common unqualified items found in the inspection and supervision and found some regulatory countermeasures in practice.
I. Overview of Common Unqualified Items for Export Lamps
According to the unqualified cases of special rectification actions and daily inspection supervision, as well as notification cases of Zhongshan lamps exported from EU, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, the major unqualified items for export lighting products are signs, structures, internal and external wiring, and grounding. , protection against electric shock, durability and heat test, heat and fire resistance and other items, specifically as follows:
1. The mark or description does not meet the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards or the standards of the exporting country. Unqualified projects mainly focus on source identification, power connection instructions, and label durability. For example, there is no sign nameplate or no name or trademark for the light fixture, the number of light sources is not indicated for the multihead light fixture, the nameplate of the light fixture is wiped off by the wipe test, there is no lamp power and light source type sign, and the fixed light fixture has no 'fit or discomfort' For direct mounting on the surface of common flammable materials, etc.
2. Structural defects cause fire and electric shock hazards. The main performance is that the selected material does not meet the requirements in terms of physical properties and flame resistance, or the selected electrical element does not meet the specification. For example, if the cross-sectional area of ​​the power cord is not up to standard, there is a hidden danger of overheating; the edge of the conduit is sharp and there is no proper protection device, resulting in the risk of the power cord being easily pierced by a sharp metal edge.
3. Insulation and Grounding Measures There is a problem that the selection of the insulating material does not conform to the specifications and the internal wiring is not standardized. For example, if the grounding device is improper, the grounding resistance is too large; the power cord of the lamp is not fixed and the power terminals are not properly positioned or protected.
Second, the reasons for the export of lamps and lanterns common unqualified projects
According to the analysis of unqualified projects, it can be seen that there are some defects in the export lighting industry that are not of high quality awareness and low management level. Specific can be summarized as the following:
1. The quality system of many small and medium sized lamps and lanterns companies has not passed the ISO9000 management system certification, and the quality of products cannot be continuously guaranteed.
2. Some SMEs do not have rigorous design and development processes, and they are entirely in accordance with the requirements of customers for processing and production, or simply engaged in the assembly of imitation samples. For example, if the customer requests that there be no identification, the basic voltage on the product nameplate will not be marked; the company inspectors do not know or have little knowledge of the new product safety standards and requirements of the exporting country, resulting in the lack of inspection supervision.
3. The export lighting product quality has obvious regional characteristics. Most of the lighting products exported to Europe and the United States and regions have been certified by the exporting countries. For example, the products have been certified by UL, CSA and other authoritative organizations. The quality of these lighting products is generally good. Due to the lack of specific standards for lighting products in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa, and other countries and regions, some minority companies have used poorer raw materials and simple production processes to produce their products, even with inadequate testing equipment. , then the quality of the products exported to these countries and regions must be hidden.
4. In the context of fierce market competition, some export lighting product manufacturers use low-priced materials and components due to low purchase prices of customers. Specifically, the internal and external wiring use less than the standard required wire diameter, the ballast should use copper wire but use low-cost copper-clad aluminum wire or even aluminum wire, the terminal that should use fireproof but use non-fireproof material Wait. Zhongshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau found in the special rectification operations that 23% of the power companies in the spot checks were seriously insufficient in size of power cables. After the inspection by the inspectors, some companies' power cords clearly marked a cross-sectional area of ​​0.75mm2, but they could not even reach half of the actual; some core materials were reduced to copper-clad aluminum, aluminum or iron wire; some of the power cord insulation The thickness of the layer is not up to standard, and there are even phenomena that are made with recycled materials.
5. Most companies have not paid sufficient attention to the traceability mechanism and have not fully understood the importance of some inspection items. There are hidden dangers and risks resulting from large-scale recalls if quality accidents cannot be traced back. Some companies do not pay enough attention to the detection of temperature rise of fire protection projects and lack proper control measures. If there is a glass cover spotlight, the temperature is too high and the danger of cracking and injury may be caused.
Third, improve the supervision of export lamps
The lighting industry has the characteristics of simple product structure, fewer electrical parts involved, complete market accessories, easy assembly, and low entry barriers, which makes inspection and quarantine departments more difficult to monitor. We should do a good job in enterprise classification management and risk assessment according to the actual situation of the company's production scale, export countries, product categories, etc., and carry out targeted inspection and supervision work of lamps and lanterns.
1. Increase support and propaganda, enhance corporate awareness of legal issues and quality awareness. Through corporate forums and the strengthening of news media propaganda, the company will conduct situation analysis education, policy explanation and propaganda, investigation and investigation of illegal case reports, and strengthen the awareness that 'companies are the first responsible person for product quality', and effectively promote enterprises to strengthen product quality. Control, improve the consciousness of operating in accordance with the law. In addition, the company is guided to make commitments in its adherence to corporate integrity, strengthen the management of entrusted agency inspection companies, and lays a solid foundation for serious inspection and quarantine work orders. At the same time, inspection and quarantine departments should take measures such as helping companies establish and improve their management systems, conduct training standards for companies, and guide companies to improve their products.
2. Do a good job of enterprise classification management. In accordance with the “Administrative Measures on the Classification of Exported Industrial Product Manufacturing Enterprisesâ€, the enterprise classifies and manages comprehensive factors such as the quality and integrity of products, quality assurance capabilities, product quality, and corporate integrity. According to the types of companies and product risks, products are exported to countries, etc. Factors adopt different supervision modes, and enterprises with poor management and poor product quality should be included in the list of key supervisors for stricter management.
3. Implement safety record management for export lighting products and strictly manage batches. The export lamps and lanterns products are subject to safety record management, including key components such as lamp holders, power cords, switches, ballasts, etc. The company is required to provide product certification information, test reports, technical parameters, etc., which shall be submitted for registration upon approval. To this end, Zhongshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau has formulated a batch of export lighting product management methods, export lamps and lantern products that do not implement batch management will not accept inspection. This measure has greatly promoted the improvement of the quality of Zhongshan Lamps' export products, and has also played a deterrent effect on false reports and false positives. At the same time, the rate of unqualified detection has increased substantially, effectively preventing unqualified products from leaving the country.
4. Implement strict management on export lighting products purchased by the market. When the Zhongshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau carried out pre-shipment inspections on the products shipped to Africa, it found that many of the products exported to Africa and the Middle East were purchased through the market and ordered, and many of the lighting products did not have any logos, especially the lack of sources. With regard to sexual identification and 3C certification, importers to the countries in search of low prices require manufacturers to produce products at low cost according to customer requirements. Product quality cannot be controlled and guaranteed, and products have serious safety hazards. In order to prevent these unqualified products from entering the international market, Zhongshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau will not accept the inspection of the lighting products purchased by the market in principle, but if the company conducts a type test on the products as required, the qualified products will be released.
5. Intensify the port inspections of exported lighting products, especially the "Law Inspection Catalogue" external lighting products. The port office is required to strictly inspect export light products in accordance with the lottery rate; the daily supervision department will require the company to provide various kinds of information such as physical pictures of the goods in order to check the type test and safety of the lighting products. Information such as parts and production lot numbers, and requests for inspections by the port offices through internal fax or mail, etc., make the lottery inspections more targeted.
6. Strengthen the tracking of substandard products. For unqualified items found in type tests and batch sampling inspections, supervise enterprises to conscientiously complete the rectification report, analyze the reasons for nonconformities and corrective measures that should be taken. In addition, the supervisory department should strengthen the tracking of the unqualified product rectification, and at the same time take more than three consecutive batches of batch-by-batch inspections of rectified products to ensure that the unqualified products have been completely rectified.
Yuefeng Display Product Co., Ltd. , http://www.mw-acrylicdisplay.com