At present, the commonly used greenhouse artificial light source mainly includes fluorescent lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, low pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps and the like. In recent years, with the successful development of
high-power LEDs ,
LED drive power sources and new energy-saving light source LEDs have also attracted widespread attention.
Ordinary fluorescent lamps provide more green light, about 50%, and most of the rest are red and blue, which account for about 25% of the total spectrum, and the far red spectrum is very low. Led drive circuit fluorescent lamp has high luminous efficiency and long life (about 12000h), but the power is small (currently 28W and 36W are commonly used), and many lamps are needed to meet certain illuminance. Because it contains a lot of green light, it is easy to cause crops to grow. Currently used in plant tissue culture.
The sodium lamp is a gas light source that emits mercury and sodium vapor, and is classified into a low pressure sodium lamp and a high pressure sodium lamp. The low-pressure sodium lamp appears earlier, the sodium vapor pressure does not exceed a few Pa, and the LED street lamp power supply has a luminescence spectrum concentrated at 589 nm of yellow light, which can usually only be used with other light sources. The luminous efficiency is up to 200lm/W and the life is long (about 9000h). The standard operating sodium vapor pressure of the high pressure sodium lamp is about 10 kPa, and there are more red orange light and less blue green light in the luminescence spectrum. LED dimming power supply has high luminous efficiency, high power and long life (about 12000h), and is currently used more in greenhouse fill light. However, since the high-pressure sodium lamp is a heat source, the surface temperature is high and the amount of heat is large, so that the crop cannot be irradiated at a close distance.
A metal halide lamp is a gas illuminating light source in which a mixed vapor of mercury and a rare metal halide generates an electric arc to discharge light. The switching power supply design can display different spectra by changing the metal halide composition, which has higher luminous efficiency, high power and long life (5000h~20000h). However, there is mercury in the filler in the lamp, which will pollute the environment when the lamp used is broken or discarded. The spectrum contains a lot of far red light, which generates a large amount of heat and cannot illuminate the crop at close range.
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