In essence, you can generate electricity simply by stretching a strand of yarn. Imagine weaving this material into garments—no external power source needed. People can produce electrical signals just by breathing normally. Dr. Carter Haynes from the University of Texas at Dallas’ Nanotechnology Institute mentioned this during an interview regarding a collaborative Sino-foreign research study published in the journal Science.
This particular strand of yarn, named Twistron, is crafted from numerous carbon nanotubes. To give you an idea of its scale, the diameter of a single carbon nanotube is 10,000 times thinner than a human hair. Researchers managed to make the yarn highly elastic by continuously twisting it until it took on a spring-like structure.
"These yarns are essentially supercapacitors, but unlike traditional ones, they don’t require an external power source to charge," explained Dr. Li Na from the Nano Research Institute. Due to the differing chemical potentials between the carbon nanotubes and the electrolyte, some charge gets embedded when the yarn is submerged in the electrolyte. When the yarn is stretched, its volume decreases, bringing the charges closer together, which in turn boosts the voltage generated by the electric charge, thus producing electrical energy.
“Stretching the yarn at a rate of 30 times per second can yield a peak electric power of 250 watts per kilogram. A strand weighing less than a fly can light up an LED each time it’s stretched,†Dr. Bowman, one of the authors of the article and a director of the study, noted. According to him, Twistron yarns can produce over 100 times more power per unit weight compared to other woven fibers.
Interestingly, saltwater can also serve as an electrolyte. The power output of these yarns can increase proportionally with the volume of the yarn and the number of yarns operating in parallel. "Once production costs are reduced, Twistron could potentially be utilized for wave energy harvesting," Bowman added.
At present, the most fitting application for carbon nanotube yarns lies in powering sensors or facilitating IoT communications. "Given our average output power, only 31 milligrams of yarn would be needed to transmit 2 kilobytes of data packets every 10 seconds for IoT devices within a 100-meter radius."
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