Today's professional audio system is a combination of many devices, and in the professional audio system installation and debugging process, in order to better show the best sound quality, sound engineering companies will be equipped with an equalizer. Many friends can't help but ask: What is an equalizer? What is its role in the sound system? How to use the equalizer reasonably?
What is an equalizer?
An electronic device capable of separately adjusting the amplification of electrical signals of various frequency components, compensating for defects of the speaker and the sound field by adjusting electrical signals of various frequencies, compensating and modifying various sound sources and other special effects, generally adjusting The equalizer on the sound table can only adjust the three-stage frequency electrical signals of high frequency, intermediate frequency and low frequency respectively.
The first function of the equalizer is to obtain a flat frequency response.
That is, in the sound field of the human hearing threshold (20Hz - 20KHz), the sound of each frequency band has neither peaks nor troughs. This requires a dedicated test equipment to complete, attenuating the raised frequency band in the sound field, and boosting the trapped frequency band to obtain a flat frequency response.
The second is the subjective feeling of adjusting the sound level.
Under normal circumstances, the human ear is often more sensitive to the IF at a small volume. We need to properly raise the low frequency and the intermediate frequency to achieve a balanced subjective loudness.
The third is to suppress the howling generated by the microphone feedback.
The howling is caused by a large peak in a certain frequency band, and the large attenuation of the frequency band can suppress howling.
People with different frequency bands and different timbre characteristics and different instruments will emit sounds with their own characteristics. The so-called "self-characteristics" is the timbre, which is related to the frequency of the sound source vibration.
20 ~ 200Hz: The low frequency band in the audible sound, including the fundamental frequency component of the bass instrument, while the noise of the power supply, car and air conditioner also exists in this frequency band.
200 ~ 500Hz: medium and low frequency band, giving people a warm, full, overall sense of subjective feelings, and the fundamental frequency of many instruments are in this frequency band.
500 ~ 1500Hz: The middle frequency band has a horn-like color, and the nasal sound is in this frequency band.
1500 ~ 7000Hz: The medium and high frequency bands give people a sense of "presence", with sharp, clear and clear subjective feelings.
7000 ~ 20000Hz: High frequency band, giving people a sense of glory, lightness and crispness.
Equalizer usage and precautions The use of an equalizer can improve sound quality. But if it's not good to destroy the sound, let's talk about how to use the equalizer and some precautions.
(1) In the actual work, we must first understand the tone of the sound source, decide which frequency to adjust according to the subjective evaluation of the sense of hearing, roughly determine the frequency adjustment range, and open the gain of this frequency to the maximum value for monitoring; The frequency method gradually narrows the frequency range, and determines the frequency when it is confirmed that the sound of a certain frequency point meets the adjustment intention. Then, the frequency gain is gradually reduced. When the auditory frequency equalization ratio is appropriate, the loudness is determined, and the monitor is carefully monitored to confirm whether other frequency bands need to be adjusted until satisfactory.
The instrument is a compound sound. According to the Fourier series, a non-sinusoidal wave is the sum of several sine waves. Therefore, when performing the equalization adjustment, the characteristics of the tone should be considered according to the relationship between the fundamental wave and the harmonics, and the music should be reflected as much as possible. The whole picture. When performing frequency equalization of an instrument, it is not effective to increase or decrease the single-point frequency, and each frequency needs to be processed separately. Only by fully utilizing the coordination of the frequencies of the entire audio range can the tone characteristics of the instrument be reflected.
(2) When the equalizer is used at a high level, it may cause distortion. This is because the frequency increase increases the level, especially when the boosted frequency is close to the maximum allowable level, such as the total signal level itself is approaching or reaching the maximum. The output state, during the music, those frequencies that are raised are very likely to cause transient distortion, so overload should be avoided.
(3) The equalizer also changes the phase response of the signal. Since the change in phase response is non-linear, the transient of the sound is blurred, and the more the amount of equalization changes, the more serious it is, so try to avoid excessively increasing or attenuating. The microphone itself is an equalizer, so the directivity and sensitivity of the microphone will change with frequency. The placement of a microphone corresponds to a balanced setting, so it is important to choose the right microphone and the correct position. The equalization of the microphone should be as close as possible to the desired balance of the signal to be processed to reduce the phase change caused by excessive equalization.
(4) When performing equalization processing, it is often the case that the sound of the channel is adjusted and the sound that was previously adjusted is not good when the other signals are equalized. An otherwise significant sound signal does not become prominent due to the improvement of other channel signals, so it must be improved. This will cause an increase in the overall level, and even an overload phenomenon. In this case, attenuation can be used instead of boosting. For example, if a sound is too blurry and turbid, it can attenuate the mid-low frequency to achieve the purpose of increasing the medium-high frequency component, so that the sound becomes clear.
(5) Since the fundamental frequency of many instruments is in the low and medium frequency bands, and the fundamental frequency determines the pitch, care should be taken when using narrowband equalization, because excessively high frequency and intermediate frequency will cause the pitch to change, and the narrowband equalization will be overemphasized. A cow's sound is produced, so you should choose a wideband equalizer when dealing with softer instruments. Broadband equalizers are mainly used to improve a wide range of frequency response defects, while narrowband equalization is used to deal with frequency response problems in special frequency bands.
(6) In multi-track recording, especially when time is tight, it is not advisable to adjust the equalizer sloppyly. It should be adjusted slowly during post-production. Don't use it for the equalizer. Many sounds are fine without an equalizer. Using the equalizer will lose the original sound. The most important function of the equalizer for sound is to polish, only when it is really needed, and the natural sound is the best.
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