Determination of sulphur dioxide in white granulated sugar by formaldehyde solution absorption - pararosaniline hydrochloride spectrophotometry - Master's thesis - Dissertation

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Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in White Sugar Using Formaldehyde Solution Absorption with Spectrophotometry

[Keywords]: formaldehyde, para-rosaniline, white sugar, sulfur dioxide; analysis instruments: V-1100, V-1200

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    <p>This article introduces a spectrophotometric method for determining sulfur dioxide in white sugar using formaldehyde solution absorption. The traditional mercury salt reagent is replaced by formaldehyde, which significantly reduces environmental impact. After sample pretreatment, formaldehyde is added to the solution, allowing sulfur dioxide to react and form a stable compound known as hydroxymethanesulfonic acid. Subsequently, sodium hydroxide is introduced, which reacts with para-rosaniline hydrochloride to produce a purple-red complex. The absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 579 nm. The method shows a good linear relationship (r = 0.9998) within the concentration range of 0–60 mg/kg, with a detection limit of 0.81 mg/kg. The relative standard deviation of the sample was between 2.8% and 4.1%, and the recovery rate ranged from 93.8% to 98.6%. When compared with the results obtained using the national standard method, no significant differences were observed, confirming the accuracy and reliability of this technique. [Keywords]: formaldehyde, para-rosaniline, white sugar, sulfur dioxide; analysis instruments: V-1100, V-1200</p>
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Countdown Timer Socket

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

Countdown socket has an AC outlet, the maximum can output 230 V16A of power, there are two control modes, that is, countdown off and countdown on. It is convenient to control the equipment which needs to switch off or turn on AC. improve the safety of the use of some equipment and save more energy.


SET TIMER

1,Countdown plug in the socket, all indicator lights red flash three times, at this time the socket has no output, for the normal state, into the countdown state. Click the button, the first red light up, the socket output after an hour off, and then short press the button can set the socket timing of 2 H.4H.6H.8H.10H.OFF.

2,Long press button 3s, all indicator lights green flash three times, at this time the socket has output, for the regular open state, into the countdown on state. Click on the button, the first green light on, the socket is closed an hour later, and then press the button to set the socket countdown 2 H.4H.6H.8H.10H.OFF.

3,Press button 3 longer S, all indicator lights red light flash 3 times again into countdown mode.

4,Select the required countdown time mode, the corresponding mode countdown lights up, start countdown until the end of the countdown time. The outlet that controls the output will start or stop the output.

5,After the countdown starts, the time indicator will change automatically from high to low until the countdown is over.

NOTE:

1,Check that the power connection is good.

2,Use only indoors and in dry places.

3,This product does not convert AC voltage.

4,Maximum load not exceeding 16A 3680W.

5,Grounding is required for safety.

6,Any questions, please contact the electrician.

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NINGBO COWELL ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.cowellsockets.com