Taking classic portraits as an example, Chinese meticulous portraits have no shadows on their faces, all of which are uniform soft light, while Western oil paintings emphasize the effect of light on different parts. 
Photo: Ming Tang Bohu's "Red Leaf Poetry Ladies' Figure", in ancient Chinese portrait paintings, there have almost never been traces of light and shadow. This may be related to the tradition of China's ancient and literary traditions. Painting and design are all done by literati. Naturally, There is a lack of a detailed description of physical phenomena in nature. This is in fact the same as the different backgrounds that require a correct understanding of even the contemporary paintings of China and the West.
Photo: Self-portrait of Rembrandt, The Netherlands. Quite different from Chinese painting, the comprehensiveness of Westerners in the natural sciences has created the most important thing in Western oil paintings. Light and shadow of Rembrandt has created a great aesthetic system that has been profoundly influenced. to date.
When the supporting angle is not easy, it is especially difficult when the supporting angle is good.
Light is always a supporting role, serving the definition of space.
But when a good supporting role is difficult.
Therefore, a deep understanding of the collection, or the definition of the collection itself, is crucial.
If the designer himself does not know the artistic conception and cultural background that the tea ceremony itself has to convey, it is impossible to let the light better match the space to tell the story of the tea culture. I have done lighting in a teahouse before, in order to do this, I specially learned the tea ceremony.
So, what is a museum and what role it should play in our lives should be clear to us first.
The three elements of the museum's goals mentioned in the article "Museum Lighting - Pure and Minimal" by Jack V Miller and Ruth Ellen Miller argue that the purpose of the museum is to:
1. Collecting and displaying art and historical artifacts for public education and aesthetic enjoyment;
2. Protect them from damage;
3. Do your best to effectively achieve the above objectives.
Therefore, on the basis of understanding the three major goals of the museum, the designer also needs to solve the main problems in three aspects:
First, understand the character of various light
There are a large number of incurable diseases caused by light errors. One of the main causes is that designers do not understand the properties of various light (such as color temperature, color rendering, frequency or wavelength range).
Figure: The color rendering performance test area of ​​the Osram Light Research Center located in the Lighting Science Education Base of the China Lighting Society at the Research Base of Tsinghua Planning and Design Institute; understanding the characteristics of different light can be accurately used to describe objects, museum lighting Especially need precision.
Figure: Spectral and effect comparison of different types of light. The upper middle picture shows fiber illumination without infrared and ultraviolet light, which is very close to daylight, but completely removes infrared and ultraviolet light. The picture on the right shows that although the color of the halogen lamp is better, the color balance is poorer (the red part is 4 times the sunlight)
Second, master the multi-possibility combination of scene rendering (take Smithsonian American Art Museum as an example)
For different collections, or themes, you need to express them with different light effects. Contemporary art tends to be fashionable, classical art focuses on gorgeous, and the way of using lights is impossible. This requires designers to have a combination of possible lighting. Predicted.
Photo: Part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the same place, different exhibitions, can you see how the lighting design changes its atmosphere in response to the different themes of the exhibition?
Pictured above is the same space in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the same collection, the effect of different combinations of lights, wall washers, PAR lights 30/36, MR16, spotlights, and the use of different lenses. Combination, can give the same space a different effect, no one is more correct, need to adjust according to the definition of the theme, if the theme of the abstract painting works, then the two prominent ways are more suitable. Picture shoot and lighting design: Scott Rosenfeld
Figure: Scott Rosenfeld's different effects using different lens distributions in the same MR-16 spotlight.
Photo: Scott Rosenfeld uses different light sources and luminaires to match the effect of different accent lighting. At this time, the lighting designer is like a senior chef, who is proficient in the various changes brought by a variety of different equipments, and adjusts the light of different poses.
Third, based on the technical protection of the implementation of the design
As mentioned in the previous issue of ancient architecture, the protection of exhibits is a technical issue that needs to be considered, such as how to avoid the destruction of pigments by ultraviolet rays, such as temperature damage to materials, without careful screening and careful selection of candidate light sources. test.
Figure: Comparison of the 36W optical fiber system without infrared and ultraviolet light and the 40W illumination of the halogen spotlight. The temperature has a great influence on the chocolate of the simulated pigment.
Anyone who has traveled abroad knows that the famous brand stores in Yishui are Chinese-speaking sneakers and compatriots who spend a lot of money. In contrast, there is almost no Chinese-language guide in the museum of Yishui.
Cangjie knows the etiquette, the museum is already a new thing for the people who have just entered the well-off society, and it is not the people who walked into the well-off society. We look forward to more and more excellent museums around us, and more and more excellent lighting design. The work of the division has emerged, allowing us to appreciate the museum and appreciate the excellent museum lighting.
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