UAV map transmission: how to achieve ultra-long-distance map transmission under the premise of low power consumption

(Original title: [Technology] How can UAVs achieve ultra-long-range UAV map transmission under the premise of low power consumption)

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Dajiang Mavic

Dajiang's new Mavic's "7km drone map" made people's eyes wide open. Surprisingly, people have become interested in the long-distance map of drones. The drone wants to make a super long-distance map. What kind of technology do you need? How is the distance and power consumption of the drone map balanced on the drone? What is the difficulty in technical implementation? In order to solve these problems, we invited Wang Dong, founder and CEO of Shanghai Dachu Electronics, and Wang Dong, the founder of Shanghai Houhong Electronics, to tell us about "the things that drones have passed." The following is an excerpt from Wang Dong’s speech in the hard-opening public class.

Wireless transmission path and features

way

There are many options for UAV image transmission to achieve ultra-long distance, which can be wired or wireless. Under normal circumstances, it is certainly more wired transmission, tens of thousands of kilometers of transmission is ok. In terms of voice transmission, face-to-face dialogue relies on sound waves. Although the sound wave transmission distance is very short, it is also possible without high-tech means (such as the "paper cup phone" we learned when we went to school). And the image must be done through modern communication methods, such as fiber optics.

Frequency of electromagnetic waves

When it comes to modern communication means, it is necessary to talk about the electromagnetic wave frequency. Generally speaking, the lower the electromagnetic wave frequency, the farther it propagates. For example, the transmission of confidential communication telephones required for military activities belongs to the ultrashort wave frequency, and the transmission is relatively long. Ground communication generally uses such frequencies (interphones, etc.). Some communication methods that require relay transmission (through relay towers, etc.) use short-waves. Short-waves are lower than ultra-short-wave frequencies and can travel farther. It is possible to transfer thousands of kilometers for hundreds of kilometers, such as VOA stations. The shortwave frequency is used.

Long-distance transmission is definitely the farther the data is transmitted, the farther the transmission is. The higher the transmission power, the higher the sensitivity, and thus the power problem is involved.

power

If you want to transmit information over a long distance, the greater the power, the farther the transmission. TV towers like those in high places are powered by several kilowatts or even tens of thousands of watts. To give a simple example, for example, after a broadcast is transmitted through a tower, a large area can receive broadcasts. This power is definitely insignificant. If a TV worker is exposed to a launching device, the damage to the body is very large.

Beijing Radio and Television Tower

In summary, the equipment of various operators is the same, and they increase the power of the base station or tower to spread farther.

bandwidth

Bandwidth speech is generally about 3K, because ordinary people speak 3K is enough. If it can be compressed, a few hundred K is enough, so the transmission bandwidth of voice is very small. Now the bandwidth of drones starts with M, which is a big challenge for long-distance transmission. The transmission distance depends on the sensitivity. According to the Shannon formula, the bandwidth is increased tenfold and the sensitivity is reduced by ten times, so the bandwidth is very valuable for wireless transmission.

Image transmission characteristics

Compared with ordinary signal transmission, image transmission is quite distinctive:

1. The feature of image transmission is that the amount of data is too large. Files such as TXT usually start at a few K, and the amount of image data is much larger. For example, if the iPhone takes a photo at random, it requires a lot of bandwidth.

2, image transmission can not be delayed, like everyone watching a movie, there is a card can not stand it, in addition, we watch movies, high-definition images are very cool, fuzzy can not stand.

In summary, the characteristics of UAV transmission are that the amount of data is large and the delay requirement is low. This is the most difficult place to control wireless transmission.

Ultra-long-distance transmission requirements for drones

As mentioned above, the image transmission of drones is characterized by high image quality requirements and low real-time image monitoring delay. In addition to these two points, there are some problems:

Because the drone is a portable device, its power cannot be very large, so the transmission power consumption is small, but the power consumption is small and the distance is far from contradiction.

In addition, the UAV transmission has strong anti-interference ability, because the UAV often has to work in a crowded environment with complicated crowds or electromagnetic interference, which is inevitable that the transmission will be affected by the outside world, which is also a problem.

There are also corresponding standards for UAV transmission in the world. These standards also have some restrictions on UAV transmission.

It is necessary to pass the power consumption level first. The world has regulations on the power consumption standards of drones. For example, in Europe, CE is required, and the United States has to pass FCC. The drone standard involves wireless communication, which is EMC battery compatibility requirements, power consumption and transmission power cannot exceed, etc. . For example, the CE requirements of Dajiang Elf 4 are 20, FCC requirements 23, the latest product Royal CE requirements 23, FCC requirements 26, which all limit the transmission of drones.

In addition to these requirements and the development limitations of the battery, this is a problem other than transmission, and there is not much to talk about here.

Dajiang Elf 4

In summary, the requirements for long-distance transmission of UAVs are summarized as follows: high quality, low power, strong anti-interference ability, long transmission distance, restrictions on national laws and regulations, and development of battery technology. .

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