In the field of artificial intelligence (AI) research, which is increasingly intensified globally, the presence of the top two in the United States and China is strengthening. According to the analysis of the Institute of Science, Technology and Academic Policy of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, China and the United States have an overwhelming advantage in terms of the results of the major international societies, and joint research reports between the two countries are also increasing. In addition, there have been cases of Chinese companies providing research investments to American universities. The Japanese government has positioned AI as the backbone of its growth strategy, but Japan has made slow progress in basic research. To make a comeback, perhaps a fundamental response is needed.
AI research has led the world in basic research by American universities such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of California, and Stanford University. Recently, IT companies such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft are also pushing forward. At the same time, the research capabilities of Chinese universities and enterprises have also begun to rise.
Japan analyzed three international conferences with authority in the field of AI research. Experts have been reviewed before attending these meetings, and less than 30% have been approved. Only high-level results can be published. For the meetings held in 2010-2015, the classification is based on the publisher, affiliates, and nationality.
Judging from the international conference of the most authoritative American Society of Artificial Intelligence, the results of the publications of the United States and China have surged in the past three years. In 2015, the number of universities and enterprises in the United States reached 326 (48.4%), the highest proportion, followed by China with 138 (20.5%). The two countries account for about 70% of the total. Japan ranks 8th, only 20 (3%).
From the overall situation of the six years, 74.6% of the results published in the United States are joint research with other countries, especially with China reaching 80, which is obviously more. Some analysts believe that there are many cases in which Chinese students study together with American universities after returning to China. On the other hand, from the joint research of Japan, there are 6 projects in the United States and 5 in China. The weak relationship with China and the United States is likely to lead to a decline in Japan’s competitiveness.
Under the leadership of President Obama, the United States has strengthened AI research using big data. On the enterprise side, the automatic translation AI developed by Google is highly accurate and has attracted the attention of researchers. The company's DeepMind Technologies is gaining results in emulating the AI ​​that humans use to judge this mechanism.
In addition, the Chinese government has also developed an AI research promotion plan as an important issue for the country. Not only for autonomous driving and robotics, but also for a wide range of applications in logistics and agriculture. The Microsoft research base in Beijing is considered to be second to none in Asia. On the enterprise side, search engine giant Baidu established a research institute in Silicon Valley in 2014, and invited the world's first AI researcher, Andrew Ng, as the person in charge, and continued to actively recruit researchers. In addition, communications equipment giant Huawei Technologies has also collaborated with the University of California at Berkeley in basic research.
In the budgetary requirements of the 2017 Budget, Japan has applied for 92.4 billion yen for AI-related research, which is nine times the initial budget for 2016, and is actively responding. It is planned to establish an artificial intelligence research institute representing Japan in the Institute of Physical Chemistry to strengthen cooperation with enterprises and launch new drug development plans based on artificial intelligence.
Chinese artificial intelligence layout blooms everywhere
China has begun to actively promote the artificial intelligence (AI) industry, and will revitalize relevant enterprises and new technologies with the help of the nation. The goal is to form a scale of 100 billion yuan of artificial intelligence market application by 2018. Represented by Internet giant Baidu and Tencent Holdings, more than 100 companies have been involved and are strengthening their situation. Can China's artificial intelligence industry take off in the context of being accused of a bubble due to overheated competition?
Baidu held a new technology strategy conference in Beijing on September 1. The most exciting thing about the venue was the moment when the virtual artificial intelligence secretary "Secret" made a live commentary on the synthesized sound, although it was stuttering.
Baidu allows the "Secret" to learn the live commentary of well-known sports commentators, using self-developed image recognition technology to judge and speak the words. Baidu CEO (CEO) Li Yanhong said that the artificial intelligence ability was not high a few years ago, but it has changed dramatically. Deep learning is the key.
Baidu’s artificial intelligence system “Baidu Brain†developed by Andrew Ng, who was dug from Stanford University in the United States in 2014. Wu Enda was responsible for joint research with Google in the United States and is widely known as the world's authority in the field of deep learning. Wu Enda was the head of the American Institute of Artificial Intelligence.
Voice and image recognition, automatic translation, self-driving cars. In the past, in the field of artificial intelligence, Baidu has been underestimated and is considered to follow only Google and Apple in the United States. But nowadays, Baidu has begun to recruit a large number of people in places like Shibuya, and its development ability is considered to be no less than the leader. Li Yanhong said that artificial intelligence technology will be the mainstay of the operation.
In China, artificial intelligence has formed an unprecedented boom. Tencent will use artificial intelligence to analyze consumer ideas and behavior patterns through large amounts of data such as electronic settlement information to help cooperative enterprises improve business efficiency. China is considered to be at the forefront of voice recognition technology. The University of Science and Technology, which was established in 1999, received praise for its further improvement in accuracy through artificial intelligence technology. There are more than 400 syllables in Chinese, which are several times that of Japanese, and there are many words with homonyms. In the future, in the "Chinese Circle", the voice recognition processing technology of Chinese artificial intelligence technology is likely to become popular.
According to statistics from the survey company iResearch, about 100 artificial intelligence companies have been established so far, and 65 companies have received venture capital investment of 2.9 billion yuan. Promoting entrepreneurial enthusiasm is the “Three-Year Action Plan for “Internet +†Artificial Intelligence†issued by the Chinese government in May.
The program plans to cultivate a number of the world's leading artificial intelligence backbone enterprises in key areas by 2018, and form a scale of 100 billion-level artificial intelligence market applications. For technologies such as image recognition, speech processing and sensors, Chinese central and local governments will provide subsidies. It is said to also give preferential treatment to venture capital investment and bank loans.
China's active commitment to artificial intelligence development is due to its belief in upgrading existing industries such as electronics and automobiles. China's advantage is the countless Internet data used by 1.3 billion people every day. Baidu CEO Li Yanhong said that he has billions of search data and up to 10 billion location information. The more data, the more efficient the learning of artificial intelligence.
However, although star companies are growing, on the other hand, there are also many points of view that are actually mixed. Chemical company Anhui Jiangnan Chemical invested 50 million yuan in Beijing's emerging enterprises engaged in in-depth study and research and development in July last year. The reason is to help improve the production efficiency of the main business, but the results did not reflect the multiplier effect, and the performance continued to deteriorate. Some voices said, "Many companies have announced that they are involved in artificial intelligence business just to push up the stock price" (market stakeholders).
In addition, Baidu is also facing a problem. "Driving cars? I haven't seen or heard of them," said a taxi driver in Anhui Province. There should be nearly 30 Baidu autopilot cars conducting empirical tests in Anhui, but it is possible that the development has not progressed as scheduled.
Once it seems that it can make money, it will swarm up immediately. This is the practice of many Chinese companies. Venture capital and investment companies that are hard to find investment targets due to the economic slowdown have contributed to the artificial intelligence fever. Liu Wei, a Lenovo-based star of the venture capital investment company, said in an interview with the Chinese media that China's artificial intelligence industry is a typical bubble.
China is still facing many problems in its transformation into an "artificial intelligence power." But global competition around artificial intelligence has just begun. "Chinese forces" cannot let the world contempt.
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