Application and classification of vehicle sensors
It is no exaggeration to say that today's cars are electronic products, and some predict that in the future, the three areas of safety, environmental protection and informatization will accelerate the realization of electronic. This trend will definitely only accelerate in the future and not be able to stand still. Because auto manufacturers have already put forward guidelines for accelerating the realization of electronics in the three areas of safety, environmental protection and informatization. One of the most worthy of attention is the "security" field. The focus of automotive safety technology is shifting from passive safety to active safety, especially sensors that detect obstacles in advance are beginning to show a diversified trend.
The progress made in information processing technology and the rapid development of microprocessor and computer technology also require corresponding progress in the development of sensors. Microprocessors are now widely used in measurement and control systems. With the enhancement of the capabilities of these systems, as the front-end unit of the information collection system, the role of sensors becomes more and more important. Sensors have become a key component in automation systems and robotics. As a structural component of the system, its importance has become more and more obvious.
In the broadest sense, a sensor is a device that can perceive external information and convert it into usable signals according to certain rules; in simple terms, a sensor is a device that can convert physical or chemical quantities into convenient electrical signals. Therefore, it is composed of sensitive components (sensing elements) and conversion devices. Some semiconductor sensitive components can directly output electrical signals, which themselves constitute sensors. The sensor is an integral part of the sensor system, it is the first pass of the input of the measured signal.
German and Russian scholars believe that the sensor should be composed of two parts, namely the sensitive component part that directly perceives the measured signal and the circuit part that initially processes the signal. According to this understanding, the sensor also contains the circuit part of the signal shaper. The performance of the sensor system mainly depends on the sensor, which converts some form of energy into another form of energy.
The function of the sensor is often compared with the five major human sensory organs:
Photosensitive sensor-vision
Acoustic sensor-hearing
Gas sensor-smell
Chemical sensor-taste
Pressure sensitive, temperature sensitive, fluid sensor-tactile
Compared with contemporary sensors, human sensory ability is much better, but some sensors are superior to human sensory functions. For example, human beings are not capable of sensing ultraviolet or infrared radiation, and can not feel electromagnetic fields, colorless and odorless gas. With the extensive use of image sensors (ImageSensor; IS), it will be possible to further reduce the visual dead angle, and will be more protective for the driver. Therefore, some experts speculate that the vehicle image sensor market will flourish. As early as 2004, in the US Army Fallujah street battle, the application of the detection of enemy sniper technology included vehicle-mounted acoustic sensors. In order to find and eliminate snipers accurately, timely and quickly, and ensure the safety of the attacking party's actions. The vehicle-mounted enemy sniper sound position measuring device is composed of a sound sensor and a remote control weapon station. When the Iraqi anti-American snipers finished shooting and had not had time to move to the next position, they were found and killed by the sniper sonic position meter. In addition, gas sensors, chemical sensors, pressure-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, and fluid sensors are currently relatively few in the application of in-vehicle electronics, but automotive electronics' attention to automobile safety is as long as these sensors are needed.
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