The composition and principle of the photovoltaic system The photovoltaic system consists of the following three parts: solar cell components; power electronic equipment such as charge and discharge controllers, inverters, test instruments and computer monitoring, and storage batteries or other energy storage and auxiliary power generation equipment.
The photovoltaic system has the following characteristics:
-No rotating parts, no noise;
-No air pollution and no discharge of wastewater;
-No combustion process, no fuel required;
-Simple maintenance and low maintenance cost;
-Good operation reliability and stability;
-The solar cell as a key component has a long service life, and the life of the crystalline silicon solar cell can reach more than 25 years;
-It is easy to expand the scale of power generation as needed.
The application of photovoltaic systems is very extensive. The basic forms of photovoltaic system applications can be divided into two categories: independent power generation systems and grid-connected power generation systems. The main fields of application are mainly in space aircraft, communication systems, microwave relay stations, TV turntables, photovoltaic water pumps and household power supply in areas without electricity and power shortage. With the development of technology and the needs of sustainable development of the world economy, developed countries have begun to systematically promote urban photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, mainly to build household rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems and MW-level centralized large-scale grid-connected power generation systems. Vehicles and urban lighting vigorously promote the application of solar photovoltaic systems.
The scale and application form of the photovoltaic system vary, such as the system scale span is very large, as small as 0.3 ~ 2W solar garden lights, as large as MW-level solar photovoltaic power station. Its application forms are also diverse and can be widely used in many fields such as home, transportation, communications, space applications and so on. Although the size of the photovoltaic system varies, its composition and working principle are basically the same. Figure 4-1 is a schematic diagram of a typical photovoltaic system supplying DC loads. It contains several main components in the photovoltaic system:
ï¬ Photovoltaic module square array: It is composed of solar cell modules (also called photovoltaic cell modules) in series and parallel according to the system requirements. It converts solar energy into electrical energy output under the sunlight, and it is the core component of the solar photovoltaic system.
ï¬ Accumulator: store the electrical energy generated by the solar cell module, when the light is insufficient or at night, or the load demand is greater than the power generated by the solar cell module, the stored electrical energy is released to meet the energy demand of the load. It is a solar photovoltaic system. Energy storage components. At present, lead-acid batteries are commonly used in solar photovoltaic systems. For systems with higher requirements, deep-discharge valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries and deep-discharge liquid-absorption lead-acid batteries are usually used.
ï¬ Controller: It regulates and controls the charging and discharging conditions of the Battery, and controls the power output of the solar cell components and the battery to the load according to the power requirements of the load. It is the core control part of the entire system. With the development of the solar photovoltaic industry, the functions of the controller are becoming more and more powerful. There is a trend to integrate traditional control parts, inverters and monitoring systems. For example, the AES SPP and SMD series controllers integrate the above three Kinds of functions.
ï¬ Inverter: In the solar photovoltaic power supply system, if it contains an AC load, it is necessary to use an inverter device to convert the DC power generated by the solar cell module or the DC power released by the battery into the AC power required by the load.
The basic working principle of the solar photovoltaic power supply system is that under the sunlight, the electric energy generated by the solar cell assembly charges the battery through the control of the controller or directly supplies power to the load when the load demand is met. If the sunshine is insufficient or at night The storage battery supplies power to the DC load under the control of the controller. For a photovoltaic system containing an AC load, an inverter needs to be added to convert the DC power to AC power. The application of photovoltaic systems has many forms, but the basic principles are similar. For other types of photovoltaic systems, only the control mechanism and system components are different according to actual needs. The different types of photovoltaic systems will be described in detail below.
Figure 4-1 DC load solar photovoltaic system
The photovoltaic system has the following characteristics:
-No rotating parts, no noise;
-No air pollution and no discharge of wastewater;
-No combustion process, no fuel required;
-Simple maintenance and low maintenance cost;
-Good operation reliability and stability;
-The solar cell as a key component has a long service life, and the life of the crystalline silicon solar cell can reach more than 25 years;
-It is easy to expand the scale of power generation as needed.
The application of photovoltaic systems is very extensive. The basic forms of photovoltaic system applications can be divided into two categories: independent power generation systems and grid-connected power generation systems. The main fields of application are mainly in space aircraft, communication systems, microwave relay stations, TV turntables, photovoltaic water pumps and household power supply in areas without electricity and power shortage. With the development of technology and the needs of sustainable development of the world economy, developed countries have begun to systematically promote urban photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, mainly to build household rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems and MW-level centralized large-scale grid-connected power generation systems. Vehicles and urban lighting vigorously promote the application of solar photovoltaic systems.
The scale and application form of the photovoltaic system vary, such as the system scale span is very large, as small as 0.3 ~ 2W solar garden lights, as large as MW-level solar photovoltaic power station. Its application forms are also diverse and can be widely used in many fields such as home, transportation, communications, space applications and so on. Although the size of the photovoltaic system varies, its composition and working principle are basically the same. Figure 4-1 is a schematic diagram of a typical photovoltaic system supplying DC loads. It contains several main components in the photovoltaic system:
ï¬ Photovoltaic module square array: It is composed of solar cell modules (also called photovoltaic cell modules) in series and parallel according to the system requirements. It converts solar energy into electrical energy output under the sunlight, and it is the core component of the solar photovoltaic system.
ï¬ Accumulator: store the electrical energy generated by the solar cell module, when the light is insufficient or at night, or the load demand is greater than the power generated by the solar cell module, the stored electrical energy is released to meet the energy demand of the load. It is a solar photovoltaic system. Energy storage components. At present, lead-acid batteries are commonly used in solar photovoltaic systems. For systems with higher requirements, deep-discharge valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries and deep-discharge liquid-absorption lead-acid batteries are usually used.
ï¬ Controller: It regulates and controls the charging and discharging conditions of the Battery, and controls the power output of the solar cell components and the battery to the load according to the power requirements of the load. It is the core control part of the entire system. With the development of the solar photovoltaic industry, the functions of the controller are becoming more and more powerful. There is a trend to integrate traditional control parts, inverters and monitoring systems. For example, the AES SPP and SMD series controllers integrate the above three Kinds of functions.
ï¬ Inverter: In the solar photovoltaic power supply system, if it contains an AC load, it is necessary to use an inverter device to convert the DC power generated by the solar cell module or the DC power released by the battery into the AC power required by the load.
The basic working principle of the solar photovoltaic power supply system is that under the sunlight, the electric energy generated by the solar cell assembly charges the battery through the control of the controller or directly supplies power to the load when the load demand is met. If the sunshine is insufficient or at night The storage battery supplies power to the DC load under the control of the controller. For a photovoltaic system containing an AC load, an inverter needs to be added to convert the DC power to AC power. The application of photovoltaic systems has many forms, but the basic principles are similar. For other types of photovoltaic systems, only the control mechanism and system components are different according to actual needs. The different types of photovoltaic systems will be described in detail below.
Figure 4-1 DC load solar photovoltaic system
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