Analysis of the concept of car networking
In 2004, China proposed the “Automobile Computing Platform†program to prevent the “air core†phenomenon of the automobile industry; the Brazilian government forced all vehicles to install a system similar to “Automobile Identification†and networked before 2014; ITS (Intelligent Transportation in Europe and Japan) The system also has the concept of “vehicle networkingâ€; India even requires all rickshaws to be equipped with GPS and RFID; in early 2011, four ministries and commissions jointly issued a document, which proposed the installation of intelligence for the “two passengers and one danger†operating vehicle. Mandatory requirements for satellite positioning devices and networking... These are the prototypes of the Internet of Vehicles.
The US National Network Trusted Identity Strategy White Paper NSTIC is a milestone that requires all mobile terminals, including cars, to have a "security ID chip" installed; the US DOT further requires that all operational vehicles in 2012 must comply with M911. Obviously, the Internet of Vehicles is not only a problem of informationization in the automotive industry, but has risen to the level of national information security and national strategy. Many countries have begun to implement legislation.
What is the car network
Internet of Vehicle (IOV) refers to a dynamic mobile communication system in which vehicles interact with vehicles, vehicles and roads, vehicles and people, vehicles and sensing devices to realize communication between vehicles and public networks. It can share information through vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and people, vehicles and roads, collect information on vehicles, roads and environment, and process, calculate, share and securely publish information collected from multiple sources on the information network platform. According to different functional requirements, the vehicle is effectively guided and supervised, and professional multimedia and mobile internet application services are provided.
From the network point of view, the IOV system is a three-tier system of "end pipe cloud".
The first layer (end system): the end system is the intelligent sensor of the car, which is responsible for collecting and acquiring the intelligent information of the vehicle, and sensing the driving state and environment; it is a ubiquitous communication terminal with in-vehicle communication, workshop communication and vehicle network communication; It is also a device that allows the car to have capabilities such as IOV addressing and network trusted identification.
The second layer (pipe system): to solve the interconnection between car and vehicle (V2V), vehicle and road (V2R), vehicle and network (V2I), vehicle and people (V2H), to achieve vehicle self-organizing network and a variety of different Communication and roaming between networks ensures real-time, serviceability and network ubiquity in terms of functions and performance. At the same time, it is a unity of public and private networks.
The third layer (cloud system): The Internet of Vehicles is a cloud-based vehicle operation information platform. Its ecological chain includes ITS, logistics, passenger and cargo, dangerous vehicles, auto repair auto parts, car rental, enterprise vehicle management, and automobiles. Manufacturers, 4S stores, vehicle management, insurance, emergency rescue, mobile Internet, etc., are the convergence of multi-source and massive information, so cloud computing functions such as virtualization, security authentication, real-time interaction, mass storage, etc. are needed, and the application system is also around the vehicle. A composite system of data aggregation, calculation, scheduling, monitoring, management and application.
It is worth noting that GPS+GPRS is not really a car network in the true sense, nor is it an Internet of Things. It is just a combination of technologies. At present, most ITS experiments and IOV concepts in China are based on this technology. The author believes that simply developing such a technology based on such technology is very unfavorable for national strategic leadership and technological innovation, and will result in a passive situation of overall backward international competition.
What is GID?
One of IOV's core technologies is the development of a GID (Global ID, relative to RFID) terminal for automobiles based on vehicle characteristics. It is a communication gateway and vehicle terminal with global ubiquitous networking capabilities. It is a vehicle intelligent information sensor and also has global positioning and global network identity (network license plate) functions.
GID integrates the three functions of automotive intelligent information sensor, automobile networking and automobile network license plate. The specific performance is as follows:
Information sensing function of vehicle status: GID is connected to the bus (OBD, CAN, etc.), embedded with various sensors, and can sense and monitor the dynamic and static information of almost all vehicles, including vehicle environmental information and vehicle status diagnostic information;
Ubiquitous communication function: GID has the capabilities of V2V, V2I and ad hoc networks (SON, mobile Ad Hoc, AGPS, etc.), with inter-vehicle networking and bridging and relaying between multiple systems, with global communication, global positioning and Mobile roaming capability;
Car network license plate function: GID extracts natural attributes from cars, networks and users, and generates “network ID card†for cars, so that each car has a natural and unique identity in the network. It is not a label. It is a network trusted identity and addressing technology.
In short, GID improves the traditional RFID one-way, short-range, low-speed, passive, no-intelligence, non-aware, non-communication, small coverage area, high cost, non-standard, easy to lose and other issues. At the same time, it has the V2V, V2I and global roaming and coverage functions required for the current Internet of Vehicles, not just a TelemaTIcs (vehicle communication) device. What's more, GID enables the car to have the ability of “network license plate†or “network ID cardâ€, which solves the problem that the most difficult mobile addressing and trusted identification in the Internet of Things cannot be separated, and enhances network visibility. It can uniquely distinguish all vehicles in the world. In addition, with the cloud back-end system, GID can use the "heartbeat" function to report the car status, driving status and even the "black box" of the car in real time. As shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 GID and RFID function comparison
The multi-source dynamic data information obtained from GID is an innovative application technology in the fields of vehicle networking, machine mobility, ITS, and cloud computing. When the vehicle is loaded with the GID terminal, the vehicle and traffic status information can be collected from the CAN bus, etc. These states involve vehicle travel (position, direction, speed, acceleration), vehicle body (inside and outside temperature, air flow, tire pressure), power (oil pressure, speed, oil), vehicle safety (belt, airbag, door and window lock), environment (weather, road conditions, congestion), etc., so that the vehicle becomes a smart subject to solve road and traffic conflicts.
GID-based IOV system IOV and ITS innovation impact
The development of the Internet of Vehicles is inseparable from ITS, automotive electronics, and mobile Internet. The problems that need to be solved in the development of the next generation of ITS include: comprehensive access to traffic conditions, timely detection of road conditions and understanding of vehicle operating conditions, intelligent release of information according to relevant status of vehicles/road conditions, and providing more effective traffic information for travelers to achieve green The goal of transportation, improving efficiency, and improving service quality.
It can be seen that the core of ITS is the equilibrium game of “road†and “vehicleâ€. Traditional ITS solutions mostly focus on static and fixed road related factors, such as roadside unit RSU, video camera, information release card, RFID Reader, pressure sensitive coil, etc., while ignoring the vehicle itself is traffic conditions, accidents, roadside environment, etc. The most direct manufacturer and the subject of contradiction.
The emergence of GID-based car networking is the evolution and leap of traditional M2M and TelemaTIcs. Based on the GID capability, the Internet of Vehicles can completely transfer external information sources such as roads to the direction of the vehicle's own information sources, so that ITS can overcome the difficulties encountered in many aspects such as technology and regulation, and realize the "static information". The change of perspective of "dynamic information", from information point collection, face-to-face acquisition, stereo cross-collection, and cloud computing processing, is an essential change of the ITS technology system.
The relationship between IOV and cloud computing
The total amount of information generated by the Internet of Vehicles is much larger than that of the telecommunications industry. Taking ITS as an example, a city's multi-source dynamic traffic information collection, real-time accumulation, processing, and release of vehicle information, as well as the intelligent process of driving decision-making and execution activities, will be a P-level information processing system.
Therefore, IOV and ITS cloud computing platform have become the key to the success of information technology. Under the cloud framework, comprehensive information collection and processing, road traffic condition monitoring, vehicle supervision and guidance, signal control, system linkage, forecasting, information release and induction must all be integrated, shared and unified with the overall intelligence system. .
As shown in Figure 2, the Internet of Things and ITS-related cloud services are mainly divided into three categories.
Figure 2 The overall architecture of the ITS system based on cloud computing
IaaS basic cloud service: Based on the cloud framework, it provides basic computing services related to vehicle networking and transportation, such as vehicle/traffic status data storage, vehicle area monitoring, vehicle safety status monitoring, real-time analysis of road traffic, access billing and settlement, etc. At the same time, as a core capability, the Open Interface API is provided to any third-party application developer to help them quickly build related application services.
PaaS platform cloud service: Provides massive GPS data and GID data processing, ITS holographic data processing, cloud storage, information mining and analysis, information security, data bus and other functions.
SaaS application cloud services: Based on the capabilities of basic cloud services and third-party service resources, any developer can develop specific applications that support car networking and ITS features, and can publish and support multiple user terminals (specific terminals, PC browsing) Devices, mobile phones, etc.).
Grasp the opportunity to meet the challenge
IOV is a product of the integration of the Internet, Internet of Things, communications, automobile manufacturing, automotive after-sales service, ITS, auto insurance, traffic management, LBS, mobile Internet, etc. Cross-border inter-banking involves a large number of industries with extensive economic coverage. Affected by this, ITS, urban congestion, transportation and logistics, urban transportation, public facilities construction, telecommunications operations, lifestyle, terminal manufacturing, etc. will undergo some essential changes. At the same time, the concept and scope of IOV is currently difficult to unify at different angles. Therefore, the IOV system needs to carry out top-level design from a national perspective and consider many issues from the perspective of national strategy and information interests.
IOV needs to solve several problems
V2V, V2I converged communication: In a car, V2V and V2I are usually two systems. Currently, vehicles rarely have V2V capability. V2I is only limited in common public networks, real-time performance is not guaranteed, and 802.11P It is not fully qualified for V2V and integration and bridging capabilities with V2I.
The opening of the CAN bus: different brands of cars, even different models of the same brand, different ages of vehicles, the CAN protocol is also different. This has set a huge obstacle for the car online, and it has seriously affected the national information security. Therefore, in order to break the "air core" situation, let China's ITS and IOV play a greater role, and promote the healthy development of the IOV industry, the opening of CAN is necessary for China's automobile manufacturing industry and IOV industry.
Accurate vehicle positioning: AGPS can not fully meet the requirements of vehicle positioning, nor does it have law enforcement effectiveness and sufficient security. From the perspective of national interests, it is also necessary to use Beidou satellite positioning as soon as possible to innovate a fast, accurate and comprehensive positioning technology method. .
IOV standard question: Because IOV is very broad, different points of focus and starting points are different. The Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Public Security, the Safety Supervision Bureau, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Security Bureau, and the military all have their own understanding of IOV. Therefore, what is The commanding heights of IOV, where to start to develop what standards and regulations, and how to balance national interests and independent innovation, need to be clear and unified.
In addition, although GID describes the functions of the in-vehicle device required by IOV, the communication protocol between GID and cloud, the interaction with the IOV user terminal, and the ubiquitous communication capability of the network all have the problem that the standard needs to be unified, otherwise it will not be realized. interconnection.
In terms of national legislation, the Internet of Vehicles is the standard function of the future automotive industry. In the pre-installation and after-loading markets, the norms, legal systems, regulations, standards, etc. need to be drafted as soon as possible.
IOV operation problem: IOV data is extremely large and can be tolerated by non-common platforms. To ensure security and credibility, IOV must be real-name system. At the same time, each vehicle is bundled with several mobile terminals, several personnel, several devices, and many attributes. Multi-homing characteristics, therefore, its operating entities are neither traditional telecom operators nor TSPs, mobile Internet SPs, depots or 4S stores. The requirements for “virtual operations†are already very obvious.
In addition, cloud platform openness and interface technology, network visualization technology, positioning and computing technology, fast retrieval technology, data mining and analysis technology, etc., all have a lot of technical difficulties and obstacles. With the deep development of the industry, the future will There are a lot of new problems.
IOV has broad prospects for development
Vehicle networking is a special form of communication. It is the next focus of telecom transformation, Internet transformation, industrialization and informationization, and is an emerging field in the development of the automotive industry. The development of IOV is the second core theme of the automotive industry after “greenâ€, and it is also full of opportunities in the process.
First, online inspection of vehicle status, online annual inspection, and online monitoring will become a reality. By identifying the status and condition of the vehicle online, it is possible to know whether the vehicle has a legal operation license, whether it meets environmental protection requirements, and whether there is dangerous driving behavior. This business can save hundreds to hundreds of billions of dollars per year, in line with international development trends, and will have a major impact on vehicle supervision and consumer industries.
Second, the car has a network ID card. Cars are real objects of real-name system, and it is easy to realize the mapping between cyber space and physical space. Therefore, IOV has the functions of network anti-counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting, network tracking, anti-smuggling, etc. while improving vehicle network visibility. It can be easily bundled with mobile payment, driver and passenger information files, etc., to realize the overall security credibility from the network world to the physical world. Only the "network license plate" and "black box" will create a huge industry.
Third, IOV will complement and improve the RFID+GPS system. As mentioned earlier, GID is a new type of vehicle terminal with functions such as processor, sensor, communicator, genetic security ID, memory, wireless bridge, etc. It greatly expands the space of RFID and GPS industry and changes the current ITS and vehicle. The foothold of the networked terminal, combined with the existing ITS system, can realize the real-time release of the mobile terminal, intelligent route navigation, etc., which will definitely affect the entire ITS layout.
Fourth, IOV can expand the new space for mobile internet and LBS services. The combination of cars and communities will create a more realistic and virtual human community. The Internet of Vehicles introduces a large number of things in the physical world into the online world, while avoiding the invasion of real names by privacy, ensuring that the mapping between virtual and real is unique. As a result, IOV will have a huge impact on the mobile Internet, on the one hand, the number of customers has increased dramatically, and on the other hand, the next generation of gold mines such as credit transactions, privacy protection and trusted identification have been excavated, and its potential is immeasurable.
Fifth, IOV will generate powerful data services. IOV has realized multi-level data storage and inquiry of road network, road car, car people, people car and car network, and realized the 6-degree relationship with the automobile-related industrial chain, linking the bits and pieces of people's lives. This massive data storage, processing, distribution, application, e-commerce, digital transactions, etc. need to be completed by a real platform, the scale of the platform will be much larger than the existing communication platform, will transform a large number of physical world energy consumption For the energy consumption of the network world, IOV will certainly promote the flourishing development of the cloud computing industry, and it will certainly be the first practical scenario for cloud computing in the Internet of Things.
Sixth, a large number of intelligent terminals in the Internet of Vehicles industry will emerge in the future. IOV not only puts forward higher requirements for in-vehicle devices, but also proposes the concept of IOV cloud, which inevitably produces so-called IOV cloud application phones. In the future, the IOV terminal should have the special human-machine interface required for the Internet of Vehicles. It can be connected to the car screen. It can be used as a mobile payment terminal with IOV LBS and SNS functions. It has all the special services on the IOV cloud, such as ITS, auto insurance, rescue, Accident alarms, electronic fences, smart routes, road conditions videos, IOV payments, etc., and may also have navigation, location search, car search, remote diagnosis and networking with GID, the prospects are limitless.
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