The single-chip microcomputer can now be said to be overwhelming, and the variety is so wide that the developers are overwhelmed, and the development is quite rapid. From the 80s of the last century, from the current 4 digits to the current high-speed single-chip microcomputer......
Various manufacturers are also one after another in speed, memory, and function. At the same time, a large number of manufacturers with representative single-chip microcomputers emerged: Atmel, TI, ST, MicroChip, ARM... The domestic macro-crystal STC microcontroller is also a good one. point…
Here are the advantages and disadvantages between 51, MSP430, TMS, STM32, PIC, AVR, and STC microcontrollers.
51 single chip microcomputer
The most widely used 8-bit single-chip microcomputer is of course the most easy-to-learn microcontroller for beginners. It was first introduced by Intel. Due to its typical structure and centralized management of bus-specific registers, numerous logic bit operation functions and rich control-oriented functions. The instruction system, called the "classic" of a generation, laid the foundation for the development of other microcontrollers in the future.
The reason why 51 single-chip microcomputer has become a classic, has become the easy-to-use single-chip microcomputer has the following characteristics:
characteristic:
1. From internal hardware to software, there is a complete set of bit-wise operating systems, called bit processors, that handle objects that are not words or bytes but bits. Not only can some bits of some special function registers in the chip be processed, such as transfer, set, clear, test, etc., but also bit logic operations, its function is very complete, and it is easy to use.
2. At the same time, in the on-chip RAM area, a dual-function address range is specially opened, which is extremely flexible to use. This function undoubtedly provides great convenience to the user.
3. Multiplication and division instructions, which also bring convenience to programming. Many 8-bit MCUs do not have a multiply function. When multiplying, they have to be programmed with a subroutine call, which is very inconvenient.
Disadvantages: (although it is classic but the disadvantages are obvious)
1. AD, EEPROM and other functions need to be extended to increase the burden of hardware and software.
2. Although the I/O pin is easy to use, there is no output capability at high level, which is the biggest weakness of the 51 series MCU.
3. The running speed is too slow, especially the double data pointer. If it can be improved, it will bring great convenience to programming.
4. 51 protection ability is very poor, it is easy to burn out the chip
Application range:
It is widely used in teaching occasions and occasions where performance requirements are not high.
Most used devices: 8051, 80C51
Understand the full range of 8051 microcontrollers: a comprehensive analysis of the "Field-Tested" 8051 architecture MCU
MSP430 microcontroller
The MSP430 series of single-chip microcomputers is a 16-bit ultra-low-power mixed-signal processor that Texas Instruments introduced to the market in 1996. The biggest bright spot left by people is low power consumption and fast speed. The assembly language is very flexible. There are many addressing methods, few instructions, and easy to use. Mainly due to its practical application requirements, many analog circuits, digital circuits and microprocessors are integrated on one chip to provide a "single-chip" solution. Its rapid development and expanding application range mainly depend on the following characteristics...
characteristic:
1. Powerful processing capability, reduced instruction set (RISC) structure, rich addressing modes (7 source operand addressing, 4 destination operand addressing), 27 simple kernel instructions, and a large number of Analog instructions; a large number of registers and on-chip data memory can participate in a variety of operations; there are efficient table lookup processing instructions; a higher processing speed, the instruction cycle is 125 ns under 8MHz crystal drive. These features ensure that highly efficient source programs can be programmed
2. In terms of operation speed, it can realize 125ns instruction cycle under the driving of 8MHz crystal. 16-bit data width, 125ns instruction cycle, and a versatile hardware multiplier (which enables multiply-accumulate) to implement some algorithms for digital signal processing (such as FFT)
3. In terms of ultra-low power consumption, the MSP430 microcontroller has ultra-low power consumption because it has its own unique features in reducing the power supply voltage of the chip and the flexible and controllable running clock. The power supply voltage is from 1.8 to 3.6V. Therefore, when the clock is running at 1MHz, the current of the chip will be around 200~400uA, and the minimum power consumption of the clock shutdown mode is only 0.1uA.
Disadvantages:
1. Personal feeling is not easy to get started, not suitable for beginners to get started, the information is relatively small, you can only go to the official website to find
2. The instruction space is large, because it is a 16-bit microcontroller, the program is in words, and some instructions actually account for 6
Bytes. Although the program is simple on the surface, it takes a lot of space compared to the pic microcontroller.
Application range:
More applications in industrial applications with low power consumption and ultra low power consumption
Most used devices: MSP430F series, MSP430G2 series, MSP430L09 series
TMS microcontroller
Here also mention the TMS series of microcontrollers, although not mainstream. The 8-bit CMOS microcontroller from TI offers a variety of memory modes and a variety of peripheral interface modes for complex real-time control applications. Although not as good as STM32, and not as aggressive as MSP430, TMS370C series MCU provides real-time system control with cost-effective integration by integrating advanced peripheral function modules and memory configurations of various chips. It is also implemented using high-performance silicon gate CMOS EPROM and EEPROM technology. Low operating power CMOS technology, wide operating temperature range, noise rejection, high performance and rich on-chip peripheral functions make the TMS370C family of microcontrollers a must for automotive electronics, industrial motor control, computer, communications and consumer applications.
The most widely used device: TMS370C256A
STM32 microcontroller
The STM32 series of single-chip microcomputers introduced by ST manufacturers, the industry's friends know that this is a series of high-performance single-chip microcontrollers, there should be no one, the function and its powerful. It is based on an ARM Cortex-M core specifically designed for embedded applications requiring high performance, low cost, low power, and first-class peripherals: 1μs dual 12-bit ADC, 4 Mbit/s UART, 18 Megabits per second SPI, etc., also has a good performance in terms of power consumption and integration. Of course, it is slightly inferior to the power consumption of MSP430, but this does not affect the degree of enthusiasm of engineers. Because of its simple structure and easy-to-use tools, it is well-known in the industry for its powerful functions... Its powerful features are mainly reflected in:
characteristic:
1. Core: ARM32-bit Cortex-M3CPU, maximum operating frequency 72MHz, 1.25DMIPS/MHz, single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
2. Memory: 32-512KB of flash memory integrated on-chip. 6-64KB SRAM memory
3. Clock, Reset, and Power Management: 2.0-3.6V power supply and I/O interface drive voltage. POR, PDR and programmable voltage detector (PVD). 4-16MHz crystal oscillator. Built-in factory-adjusted 8MHz RC oscillator circuit. Internal 40 kHz RC oscillator circuit. PLL for the CPU clock. 32kHz crystal with calibration for RTC
4. Debug mode: Serial Debug (SWD) and JTAG interface. Up to 112 fast I/O ports, up to 11 timers, up to 13 communication interfaces
Most used devices: STM32F103 series, STM32 L1 series, STM32W series
Boutique recommendation: the key foundation of STM32 microcontroller that engineers should master
PIC microcontroller
PIC microcontroller series is a product of Microship, which is divided into three levels, namely basic level, intermediate level and advanced level. It is one of the fastest growing single-chip microcomputers in the market. The CPU adopts RISC structure, respectively 33, 35 The 58 instructions are a reduced instruction set and adopt Harvard dual bus structure. The running speed is fast. It can make program memory access and data memory access parallel processing. This instruction pipeline structure completes two parts in one cycle. One is to execute the instruction, the other is to take the next instruction from the program memory, so that it seems that each instruction only needs one cycle, which is one of the reasons for high-efficiency operation. In addition, the reason why PIC microcontroller becomes a very hot single-chip microcomputer Nothing more than the following characteristics:
Features:
1. It has the characteristics of low working voltage, low power consumption and strong driving ability. The I/O ports of the PIC series MCUs are bidirectional, and their output circuits are CMOS complementary push-pull output circuits. The I/O pin adds a direction register for setting the input or output state, which solves the state of the input and output when the 51 series I/O pin is high.
2. When set to 1, it is the input state, and regardless of whether the pin is high or low, it is in a high-impedance state; when it is set to 0, it is in the output state, regardless of the level of the pin, it is low. The resistance state has a considerable driving capability, the low-level sink current reaches 25mA, and the high-level output current can reach 20mA. This is a big advantage over the 51 series.
3. It can directly drive the digital tube display and the external circuit is simple. Its A/D is 10 bits, which can meet the accuracy requirements. With online debugging and programming (ISP) capabilities.
Inadequacies:
The dedicated registers (SFRs) are not concentrated in a fixed address range (80 to FFH) like the 51 series, but are scattered in four address ranges. Only five special registers PCL, STATUS, FSR, PCLATH, and INTCON appear simultaneously in four banks, but in the programming process, it is necessary to deal with the special register repeatedly, and the corresponding bank must be repeatedly selected, that is, the status register STATUS Bit 6 (RP1) and 5 (RP0) are set or cleared. The data transfer and logic operations basically have to be done through the working register W (equivalent to the 51 series accumulator A), and the 51 series can also be directly transferred between the registers, so the bottleneck phenomenon of the PIC microcontroller is better than the 51 series. Still serious, this friend in programming should have a deep understanding
Most used devices: PIC16F873, PIC16F877
Not good enough? There are ARM technology topics waiting for you!
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