Hydropower: Potential Shares of Ecological Civilization Construction

Hydropower is the most mature, economical and green renewable energy source in the world. China has nearly 20% of the world's untapped water resources, and it is the country with the largest remaining potential for hydropower development in the world. At the same time, our country has long been in the primary stage of socialism and has a huge potential for total power demand. Giving priority to the development of hydropower is the best choice for a safe economy to meet domestic energy power needs. At present, China has become a veritable hydropower and hydropower power. The installed capacity has been ranked first in the world since 2004. At the end of 2012, the installed capacity reached 249 million kilowatts, accounting for 21.8% of the country's total. The annual power generation capacity is 855.6 billion kwh, accounting for 17.2% of the country's total, and the comprehensive technological level has advanced into the world. .

All countries in the world are making great efforts to adjust the energy structure, increase the efficiency of energy use, and vigorously develop green energy and reduce fossil energy consumption. China is a big country for coal production and consumption, which brings great pressure on the ecological environment. The development of hydropower neither emits harmful gases nor discharges solid waste. It can improve the ecological environment, protect river ecology, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and has huge comprehensive benefits in flood prevention, navigation, irrigation, water supply, breeding, and tourism. It is estimated that after the basic development of China’s hydropower economic quantifiable capacity (ie, 402 million kilowatts of power generation capacity and 1.75 trillion kwh of annual power generation), 950 million tons of raw coal can be saved annually, and 1.44 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions and 9.91 million tons of sulfur dioxide can be reduced. , 8.42 million tons of nitrogen oxides and 4.86 million tons of dust, and reduce the environmental impact of coal mining, transportation, and storage.

Looking at the development history of the world's power grids, the emergence of high voltage and the formation of large power grids are mostly closely related to the construction of large-scale hydropower plants or major hydropower bases. From a foreign point of view, the construction of the Itaipu hydropower station in Brazil prompted the emergence of a ±600 kV DC transmission line and a 750 kV AC grid. From the domestic point of view, the first 220 kV transmission line was built in the mid-1950s with the restoration of the Fengman Hydropower Station and transmission to Shenyang; the first 330 kV transmission line was in the 1970s with the Liujiaxia Hydropower Station. It was constructed and transported to Guanzhong area for construction and eventually developed into a 330 kV power grid in the northwest; the first ±500 kV DC transmission line appeared along with the construction of the Gezhouba dam and the transmission of power to Shanghai; the first 750 kV EHV transmission line (Guanting-Lanzhou East) Relying on the construction of the Gongboxia Hydropower Station, a 750-kV main grid was formed in the five provinces in the northwest.

The proportion of hydropower resources in the western part of China exceeds 80% of the national total. Two-thirds of the resources and most of the undeveloped resources are concentrated in the southwest region. The development of hydropower in the southwest needs to be absorbed by “Sanhua” and the China Southern Power Grid. Corresponding needs Planning and construction of a number of trans-regional and inter-provincial UHV AC and DC projects. Giving priority to the development of green hydropower and implementing the “West-to-East Electricity Transmission” can not only transform western resource advantages into economic advantages, promote economic and social development in the western region, but also promote the formation of UHV power grids, and realize the optimal allocation of energy resources nationwide. By adjusting the performance of leading commencing power plants and river basin cascade joint scheduling, the pumped storage power stations can be used to control functions such as high regulation, adjustable frequency, phase modulation, and peak regulation, as well as improve system performance and promote wind power, solar power, and nuclear power. Development to optimize power structure and energy structure.

China's hydropower development must always adhere to the principle of overall coordination, orderly development, eco-friendly, and harmonious development. Co-ordination and coordination is to coordinate hydropower development and comprehensive utilization of water resources, ecological protection, resettlement, and regional development; overall planning and coordination of good planning, pre-project and market consumption. Orderly development means adhering to the comprehensive development of cascade rolling in the river basin, optimizing the structure of hydropower and regional distribution, giving priority to the development of cross-border rivers and hydropower, establishing pre-hydropower funds, promoting the commercialization of hydropower's early work, implementing the two-part feed-in tariff and incentive taxation policies. Eco-friendliness is to attach great importance to ecological environmental protection throughout the life cycle of river hydropower stations, accelerate the formation of hydropower ecological environmental protection mechanisms with Chinese characteristics, adhere to ecological planning and design, ecological civilization construction and ecological operation scheduling, and build and operate social ecological hydropower stations. The harmonious development is to innovate resettlement management, explore the establishment of a sharing mechanism for the benefit of hydropower migration, truly build a power station, drive one economy, improve the environment, and benefit a group of immigrants.

The main way to develop and utilize green energy is to convert it into electricity. In the future, more and more clean hydropower will be transported across the UHV grid across regions, and will play an important role in local economic development. This will not only avoid unnecessary water loss, but also achieve greater optimization of energy resources. Configuration. Giving priority to the development of green hydropower will play an important role in advancing China’s ecological civilization construction and promoting the security, economy, green, and harmonious development of China’s power industry.