As advanced technologies become increasingly integrated into traditional agricultural and sideline industries, greenhouse farming has emerged as a key method for producing off-season crops. This paper presents the design of a greenhouse monitoring and control system based on the S3C2410 processor, along with a remote monitoring system utilizing an embedded Boa server powered by an ARM9 processor. Users can monitor and control the greenhouse environment via Ethernet and connected devices, significantly enhancing the safety and reliability of remote operations.
With the rapid development of the economy and technological progress, people's living standards have improved, leading to higher demands for quality of life. The demand for spring tea has surged, but its supply remains limited. To address this issue, greenhouse cultivation of tea trees has been proposed to meet the growing need for high-quality spring tea.
The rise of internet technology has made web-based applications the standard for managing and interacting with embedded systems. This approach follows a familiar B/S (Browser/Server) architecture, where an embedded device runs a web server capable of generating dynamic pages through scripting or CGI functions. This allows users to manage and monitor devices simply through a web browser, offering convenience and practicality in real-world applications.
For the successful cultivation of tea trees in greenhouses, maintaining an optimal growth environment is essential. This system connects the controlled devices to the Internet via an embedded web server, enabling users to remotely monitor and control the system using an Internet Explorer browser, ensuring efficient and timely management.
1. System Introduction
The greenhouse tea tree growth monitoring system introduced in this paper is illustrated in Figure 1.
The system uses the 32-bit ARM9 processor S3C2410 as the main controller. Various sensors collect environmental data and send it to the processor for analysis. If the current conditions deviate from the set parameters, the system responds accordingly. To enable remote monitoring, the embedded Web server connects the device to the Internet using the Boa server under Linux. Users can then access and control the system through a web browser, making the process both convenient and efficient.
2. System Hardware Design
The embedded Web server system not only collects, processes, and controls field data but also allows users to access web pages from the embedded system through a PC browser. Upon logging in, users must enter a username and password. Only when the credentials are correct can they access the monitoring interface.
The greenhouse tea tree monitoring system consists of an ARM main control platform, a sensor data acquisition module, a control module, and a host computer. The hardware structure is shown in Figure 2.
2.1 S3C2410 Processor
The S3C2410 is a 32-bit ARM microprocessor based on the ARM920T core and AMBA bus from Samsung. It uses a 0.18μm CMOS process, features 16 KB instruction and data caches, supports MMU, and can run operating systems like Windows CE and Linux. It includes built-in peripherals such as LCD, UART, I2C, SPI, I2S, USB, and SD controllers, and supports low-cost NAND FLASH booting at up to 203 MHz.
2.2 Sensor Module
The DHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor that provides calibrated outputs via a single-wire interface, making it easy to integrate into systems. It offers fast response, strong anti-interference capabilities, and high cost-performance due to its small size and low power consumption.
The ESM-CO2 carbon dioxide transmitter uses an imported infrared dual-beam sensor for high-humidity environments like agriculture. It features a serial interface for easy integration and offers high reliability and stability.
The HA2003 light sensor converts light intensity into voltage using a photoelectric conversion module, then outputs 0–2 V or 4–20 mA. It has high precision, a compact design, and an IP65 rating, making it durable and suitable for long-distance signal transmission without loss.
2.3 Control Module
For temperature control, the system automatically adjusts heating and cooling based on preset upper and lower limits. A refrigerator is used for cooling; it turns on when the temperature exceeds the upper limit and stops when it reaches the lower limit. The system can manage three to four different time intervals within 24 hours, repeating daily until settings change. It also manages cooling duration and intervals.
For CO2 control, the system opens a vent valve when CO2 levels fall below the set minimum and closes it when reaching the maximum level. For lighting, the system activates fluorescent lights when light is insufficient to ensure adequate photosynthesis for tea plants.
This intelligent control system significantly reduces manual labor, eases the workload for staff, and eliminates the need for constant presence in the greenhouse, saving time and improving efficiency.
3. System Software Design
The software design flowchart of the system is shown in Figure 3.
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